During training in sections of sports games, various movements and actions are performed. The resulting physical activity helps strengthen the cardiovascular and nervous systems, has a positive effect on the respiratory system and musculoskeletal system, and improves metabolism in the body. The need to perform precise and dexterous movements affects the development of the eye, the formation of accuracy and speed of movements, and muscle strength. Thanks to all these positive effects, the impact of sports games on human health cannot be overestimated.
During sports games, trainees develop the ability to make quick independent decisions and improve the ability to modify their movements in speed, direction and intensity. The effect on human health is also expressed in the development of endurance, speed and agility, maintaining muscle tone, and the formation of increased resistance to colds due to strengthening the immune system.
For women who have decided to attend classes in sports games sections for the first time, sports such as badminton, volleyball, and tennis are best suited. The physical activity received during training in these sections is characterized by a relatively low intensity and complexity of the movements performed. Therefore, these sports games, due to their technical complexity, are quite accessible to people who have never played sports before. Improving technical and tactical actions during training will help increase the level of physical fitness and will have a huge positive impact on human health. With a sufficiently high level of physical development, it is quite possible for women to enroll in basketball, handball or aquatics sections. However, in order for attending basketball or handball training to have only a positive effect on health, it should be remembered that these sports games are characterized by a fairly high pace of play, the need to perform a large number of speed-strength movements and significant physical activity on all major organ systems human body. Therefore, in order to avoid exacerbation of existing diseases and deterioration of health, it is advisable to consult a doctor before attending classes in sports sections.
In recent years, in the media, you can increasingly see reports about sports tournaments among women's football or even hockey teams, and some sports clubs offer the fair sex to enroll in such sections. However, such sports games are characterized by particularly sharp movements, strong and violent collisions between team members, and require enormous body tension and great muscle strength. Therefore, for women whose professional career is not associated with high sports achievements and for whom visiting the sports games section is of interest mainly because of the positive effect on health or because of the ability to form a slim figure, sports such as football or hockey are still not quite suitable.
Physical exercises are motor actions that, in form and content, correspond to the objectives of physical education. Conversation is not a means of physical education. The healing powers of nature are not used in the process of physical education as the main condition that enhances the impact of physical exercise.
Physical education methods do not include the forced method.
The method of regulated exercise does not provide for a strong emotional coloring of the educational and training process. The disadvantage of the regulated exercise method is monotony.
The game method can be applied based on any physical exercise. The disadvantage of the game method is the difficulty of solving problems of accentuated development of individual physical and mental qualities.
The main feature of the competitive method is the comparison of the strengths of those involved in conditions of orderly competition for primacy. The negative side of the competitive method is the extreme energy and mental costs.
Verbal and sensory methods involve extensive use of words and sensory information.
Thanks to the word, you can communicate the task and formulate the students’ attitude towards it, you can guide the process of completing the task, analyze and evaluate the results, and correct the behavior of students.
By means of sensory methods, visibility is ensured, which in physical education is understood very broadly. This is not only visual perception, but also auditory and muscle sensations.
In training sessions and competitions, the word can be used and expressed in the form:
Didactic conversation, discussion;
Instructions (explanations of the task, rules for their implementation);
Accompanying explanation (concise commentary and remarks);
Directions and commands (usually in the imperative mood);
Assessments (a method of ongoing correction of actions or their results);
Verbal report and mutual explanation;
Self-pronunciation, self-order based on internal speech.
Motor skill is the degree of mastery of an action technique, in which the concentration of attention on the component of the operation is increased, the action occurs under the constant control of consciousness.
Motor skill is the degree of mastery of an action technique in which movement control occurs automatically and actions are reliable.
The first stage of learning a motor action is familiarization, primary memorization. The goal of the first stage of teaching motor action is to teach the basics of motor action technique.
The second stage of learning a motor action is the formation of a motor skill. The goal of the second stage of teaching motor action is in-depth, detailed learning of the technique of motor action.
The third stage of learning a motor action is the formation of a motor skill. The goal of the third stage of learning a motor action is the formation of a motor skill, the achievement of motor mastery.
Physical qualities of a person are the functional properties of the body that determine the motor capabilities of a person. Smartness is not a physical quality.
Strength is a person's ability to overcome external resistance or counteract it through muscle tension. Absolute strength is the total strength of all muscle groups involved in a given movement.
Relative strength is the amount of absolute strength per 1 kg of human body weight. The amount of burden cannot be dosed in relative units to the maximum weight.
The maximum effort method involves the use of maximum or near maximum weights, 1-2 repetitions are performed in 5-6 approaches, resting between which is 4-8 minutes.
The maximum effort method is used to maximize results.
The repeated effort method involves exercises with weights that are 30-70% of the maximum, 4-12 repetitions are performed in 3-6 approaches, with a rest between which is 2-4 minutes.
The repeated effort method is used to build muscle mass.
The dynamic effort method involves the use of small and medium weights, 15–25 repetitions are performed in 3–6 approaches, with a rest between which is 4–8 minutes.
The dynamic effort method is used to develop speed and strength qualities
Speed is a complex of human functional properties that directly and primarily determine the speed characteristics of movements and motor reactions. When cultivating the speed of a simple reaction, the most common method is a repeated, faster response to a suddenly appearing signal. When cultivating the speed of a complex reaction, exercises are used with gradually increasing speed of an object and its sudden appearance in different places.
General endurance is the ability to perform work at low intensity for a long time due to aerobic sources of energy conservation.
Special endurance is the ability to effectively perform work in certain labor and sports activities, despite physical fatigue.
Dexterity is the ability to quickly, accurately, expediently and economically solve motor problems. The method of developing agility is based on the systematic learning of new movements, and on exercises that require an immediate restructuring of motor activity.
Flexibility is the ability to perform movements with a large amplitude. Static flexibility is flexibility that allows you to maintain posture and body position. Flexibility is not affected by fatigue. According to prof. : “Any quality can be cultivated only through activity.”
Chapter 9
General and special physical training
General physical training is the process of improving motor physical qualities. Cooper, when monitoring general physical fitness, needs to cover 2.0–2.4 km in 12 minutes (men under 30 years old), and 1.85–2.15 km for women under 30 years old. In a mandatory test to determine general physical fitness for general endurance, 3000 meters must be run in a minimum time (men) of 14 minutes 30 seconds, women must run 2000 meters in a minimum time (women) 12 minutes 15 seconds.
Special physical training is a process of developing physical qualities that ensures the primary development of those motor abilities that are necessary for a particular sport. Special physical training includes sports training.
The structure of an athlete’s preparedness includes a mental element.
The technical preparedness of an athlete is not related to theoretical knowledge.
Physical fitness is the capabilities of the functional systems of the body.
Tactical preparedness is mastery of sports tactics.
Mental preparedness in its structure can be volitional and special. Volitional preparedness is associated with such qualities as determination.
The most convenient and informative indicator of exercise intensity is heart rate. Physiologists define four zones of exercise intensity.
The zero zone is characterized by the aerobic process of energy transformations at a heart rate of up to 130 beats/min for people of student age. With such an intensity of exercise, the work of the muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems is somewhat activated, but an oxygen debt does not arise.
The first training zone of load intensity (from 130 to 150 beats/min) is most typical for beginner athletes, since the increase in achievements associated with high oxygen consumption (with the aerobic process of its metabolism in the body) occurs starting from a heart rate equal to 130 beats /min. In this regard, this milestone is called the “readiness threshold.”
In the second training zone (from 150 to 180 dpm), anaerobic mechanisms for energy supply to muscle activity are actively activated. It is believed that 150 beats/min is the threshold of anaerobic metabolism (TANO). However, in poorly trained athletes and in athletes with low athletic fitness, PANO can occur at a heart rate of 130–140 beats/min, while in well-trained athletes, PANO can move to the border of 160–165 beats/min.
In the third training zone (more than 180 beats/min), work that requires extremely fast movements can be performed. This is a 100–200 m run, and for highly qualified athletes, somewhat longer distances. No other work releases as much energy as working at maximum power. In this case, the oxygen demand per unit of time is the largest; the body’s consumption of oxygen from the atmospheric air is insignificant. Muscle work is accomplished almost entirely due to oxygen-free (anaerobic) breakdown of substances. Thus, training and competitive loads of different intensity zones improve the physiological systems of the body in different ways and therefore are unequally realized in sports performance at different distances.
Muscle relaxation is a reduction in muscle fiber tension. Muscle tension at rest is called tonic. Antagonists are muscles that are in opposite tension. Warm-up prepares the body to develop the maximum possible effort. The muscle temperature at rest is C.
Medical and pedagogical control and self-control during physical exercise and sports.
The main task of medical control is not to ensure the correctness and high efficiency of sports events.
Proper organization of classes, but neglect of methodological principles will not give the desired results.
Medical control at the university is not carried out in the form of regular medical examinations. Depending on their health status, students are divided into three groups, in which healthy students belong to the main group. For the preparatory group, regular classes and additional classes are conducted to increase the level of physical fitness. Students in a special group study according to a special program developed by the teacher taking into account their diseases. All students in a special group write thematic essays related to their diseases at the end of the semester. Students undergo a medical examination every two years.
Method of survey and questioning, instrumental with the help of various equipment and instruments (body length stadiometer; body weight - medical scales; hand strength, strength of the back extensor muscles - manual (carpal) and backbone dynamometers; if necessary, study of cardiac biocurrents, electrocardiograph, etc. ), visual observations do not belong to the main methods of studying medical control.
The assessment of physical development is determined by the state of the main tissues of the body, by the shape and size of the body and its individual parts, by the functions of the body. Physical development is determined by methods of external examination, anthropometry, etc.
Using an external examination, the condition of the skin, skeleton, muscles and general posture are assessed. To characterize the physique, the shape of the back, chest, abdomen, and legs is determined.
Posture is the habitual posture of a casually standing person. The normal shape of the back has natural curves of the spine in the anterior-posterior direction, within 3–4 cm relative to the vertical axis, respectively, in the lumbar and thoracic parts of the spine. The shape of the chest can be conical, cylindrical or flattened. The shape of the abdomen depends on the development of the abdominal wall muscles and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer. There are normal, saggy and retracted forms of the abdomen. The shape of the legs is normal, X-shaped and 0-shaped. O- and X-shaped legs can be the result of illnesses suffered in childhood (rickets, etc.), insufficient muscle development. In some cases, some visual correction of X- and O-shaped legs is possible through special exercises that build up individual muscle groups in the lower extremities.
The shape of the foot can be hollow, normal, flattened and flat. The shape of the feet is determined by external examination or through their prints.
Anthropometric measurements clarify and complement the external examination data. Body weight is an objective indicator of health status.
In athletes, the chest excursion is 10–12 cm
The asthenic type is characterized by long and thin limbs, narrow shoulders, a long and thin neck, a long, narrow and flat chest, and poorly developed muscles.
The normosthenic type is characterized by proportionally developed body shapes, a conical or cylindrical shape of the chest, moderate development of the skeletal system, muscle and fat tissue.
The hypersthenic type is characterized by short limbs, a massive skeletal system, a thick and short neck, a wide, short chest, and developed muscles.
Healthy adults, untrained people hold their breath during inhalation for 50–60 s (men), 40–50 s (women). Average values
The vital capacity of the lungs is 3500–4200 cm3 for men, 2500–3000 cm3 for women
To carry out self-monitoring of the cardiovascular system, students can be constantly monitored by a doctor. A sharp increase or decrease in heart rate cannot be a result of stress. During an orthostatic test, the difference in heart rate in a healthy person should not exceed 20 beats/min. During a one-stage functional test, an increase in heart rate is allowed up to 65%.
A dynamometer is used to measure hand muscle strength. In special cases, to determine posture and body proportions, photographs of the subjects are taken in different positions (face, back, side) against the background of a special grid (biophotometry method),
Operational pedagogical control is an assessment of the state in which the student is at the moment.
Stage-by-stage pedagogical control is an assessment of the state of sports, technical and tactical training of those involved at a specific stage.
Current pedagogical control is the determination of daily changes in the preparation of students.
The immediate training effect is the changes that occur in the body during the exercise and during the immediate rest period.
The delayed training effect is the changes that occur in the body in the late phases of recovery (on the next and subsequent days after exercise).
The cumulative training effect is the changes in the body over a long period of training as a result of the summation of the immediate and delayed effects of a large number of training sessions.
The purpose of self-control is not to acquire skills in assessing health. Subjective indicators of self-control include well-being, sleep, appetite, fatigue, and emotions. Objective indicators of self-control include heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and vital capacity.
Fundamentals of methods of independent exercise
Motivation provides the necessary chain of actions: motivation → interest → knowledge → regular classes → efficiency. Motivation can be used to improve health.
Sports training requires independent preparation. It is possible to combine two or more motivating factors. In addition to motivation, there are other factors: lack of knowledge and “Monday syndrome”.
Morning hygienic exercises are included in the daily routine. Morning hygienic exercises should be performed once a day. Exercise begins with walking. Walking is a natural form of movement. A characteristic feature of accelerated walking is active pushing off with the shin. Regular measured walking is performed at the usual strictly dosed pace. For any type of walking, the selection of shoes is very important.
Gymnastics is one of the factors of self-discipline. The time for individual training sessions is selected individually. The means of self-study are physical exercises of various types. The content of independent training is based on its focus.
Planning independent physical exercise is related to the availability of time. One of the principles of physical education is systematicity. Self-study management is carried out mainly by self-control. Independent classes are conducted according to the generally accepted structure: warm-up, main part, final part.
The starting position when performing exercises affects the degree of physical activity. The pace of the exercises can be slow, medium, fast. The degree of difficulty of the exercises depends on the number of muscle groups. The power of muscle work depends on the time and speed of execution. The basis of independent training is to increase physical activity.
When determining physical activity, heart rate should be taken into account. As training increases, the healing effect gradually decreases.
Running is a means of improving health. The main method of training in running is the uniform method. Your running pace is developed over the course of
2-3 months. The load on the joints when skiing is less than when running. Walking and skiing are cyclic exercises.
There are practically no dynamic loads on the spine and joints when swimming. Staying in water increases energy consumption by 50%.
Aerobics are rhythmic exercises. The peculiarity of aerobics is the musical accompaniment. Aerobics classes usually last from 10–15 to 45–60 minutes. Bending and squatting affect the musculoskeletal system. Depending on the selection of a series of exercises and the tempo of movements, rhythmic gymnastics classes can have a sports or health-improving orientation with varying degrees of increased respiratory and circulatory function, with different types of energy supply.
Applied knowledge can be obtained in the process of physical education. Applied skills ensure safety at home. An applied physical quality is endurance.
Personality traits can be formed during training sessions. A targeted selection of exercises can influence a person. When developing a skill, the student must be led to perform the exercises gradually.
The body’s ability to withstand specific environmental influences is an applied special quality. You can format special qualities during the PPFP process. PPPP should be based on the general physical preparedness of students. There are three options for the relationship between physical training and physical fitness in the process of physical education of students. For representatives of humanitarian professions, good general physical training is almost enough to have psychophysical readiness for a future profession. In other cases (training civil aviation flight personnel, field specialists, etc.), general physical training cannot provide the required level of psychophysical readiness for professional work. This necessarily requires special and extensive professional-applied physical training in all respects, which often requires an independent additional course of physical training in addition to the allotted training hours for the discipline “Physical Culture”.
General physical training in the process of physical education includes four factors. The level of students' preparedness in the PPPP section is controlled by special standards. The level of PPPP preparedness is assessed separately and is included in a comprehensive assessment. The factor that determines the specific content of PPFP is the work and rest schedule. The main forms of labor are physical and mental. The work and rest schedule influences the choice of physical education means.
When developing sections of the PPFP, it is necessary to know the structure and texture of the production process. The dynamics of performance is an integral factor. An accompanying factor that determines the content of PPFP is the geographic and climatic conditions of the region. Abilities are stable personality traits. The selection of PPPP tools is made taking into account the characteristics of the educational process. PPPP tools can be combined into groups. With an emphasis on developing physical qualities, the volume of special exercises increases.
The skill level of an athlete reflects his physical development. Each sport helps improve physical and mental qualities.
Mandatory means of PPFP are the healing forces of nature and hygienic factors. Auxiliary means of PPPP that ensure its effectiveness are various simulators. Professional simulators facilitate rapid mastery of professional actions. The organization of PPP involves the use of specialized training. In PPFP, the goal of theoretical classes is to provide applied knowledge. Under the influence of physical activity, blood supply to all tissues improves.
One of the forms of PPFP is mass sporting events. The final certification for PPFP is carried out in the form of an oral survey. PPPP classes are based on sections of the professional program.
The method of studying PPFP is sociological. The results of the study of PPPP are applied special qualities. Research on PPFP has the same initial basis as work on ergonomics. Factual materials can be used in developing the content of the PPPP.
Correction of motor readiness is associated with self-assessment of self-readiness. Coordination abilities can be improved through agility exercises.
An accompanying factor that influences the PPPP of students is intelligence. The sports method cannot be the only method for solving PPPP problems. Sports training influences the formation of psychological characteristics of the individual.
Physical culture in professional activities
bachelor and specialist
The use of physical education means to improve and maintain a specialist’s professional performance is always associated with the conditions and nature of his work. Overloading some functional systems of the body and underloading others in modern work has an adverse effect on a person’s overall capacity.
Industrial physical culture is the use of means of physical culture and sports in order to maintain and improve a person’s general and professional capacity. The purpose of industrial physical culture is to improve health and increase labor efficiency. The basis of industrial physical culture is the theory of active recreation.
It is most favorable for the body when there is a change in load, a change in effort and groups of working muscles. Efficiency is restored faster and more fully in an active state. Methodological support for industrial physical culture requires taking into account physical and mental stress. The methodology of industrial physical culture has a “contrasting” character. Work performed with a constant forward bend of the torso can lead to increased curvature of the spine in the thoracic region. Prolonged work in a sitting position causes chronic overload of the spine. In physical training minutes of general impact, the first exercise is most often associated with straightening the back and moving the shoulders back. The duration of morning exercises ranges from 8–10 to 20–30 minutes. The main goal of preventative physical exercise is to increase the body’s resistance to the effects of adverse labor factors. When working for a long time in a sitting position, women more often than men experience adverse consequences of congestion in the pelvic area.
Bibliography
1. Athletics: Textbook. aid for students higher ped. textbook establishments / , . - 2nd ed., erased. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 20 p.
2. Bondarchuk athlete. - Kyiv, 1986.
4. Verkhoshansky and the organization of the training process. – M., 1985.
5. Kulikov sports training: consistency, adaptation, health. – M., 1995.
6. Athletics/, . – M., 1987.
Athletics / Ed. , . – M., 1989.
7. Athletics at school /, -nitsky. – M., 1993.
8. Matveev theory of sports. – M., 1997.
9. Platonov and methods of sports training. – Kyiv, 1984.
10. Theory and methodology of sports / Ed. . – M., 1992.
Ter-Hovhannisyan athlete: a modern view. – M., 2000.
11. Eagle owl and methods of youth sports. – M., 1987.
Chapter 1 Physical culture and sports in public and
professional training of students................................... 2
Chapter 2 Aesthetics of physical culture and sports.................................... 7
Chapter 3 Biological and socio-biological foundations
physical culture........................................................ ................... 9
Chapter 4 Physiological characteristics of motor
activities and formation of movements................................................... 11
Chapter 5 Basics of a healthy lifestyle for a student.
Physical culture and student life.................................................... 22
Chapter 6 Psychophysiological foundations of students' educational work.
Means of physical culture in regulation
performance ..................................................... ........................... 26
Chapter 7 Sports. Individual choice of sports or systems
physical education........................................................ ............... 31
Chapter 8 Pedagogical foundations of physical education......... 37
Chapter 9 General and special physical training.................... 42
Chapter 10 Medical and pedagogical control and self-control
when doing physical exercises and sports................................ 44
Chapter 11 Basics of independent study methods
physical exercise......................................................... ........ 47
Chapter 12 Professional - applied physical training
students........................................................ .................................... 51
Chapter 13 Physical culture in professional activities
bachelor and specialist......................................................... ............... 54
Kovalenko Margarita Timofeevna
Job title: teacher
Educational institution: Municipal educational institution secondary school in the village of Rodnichok named after. V.P. Sergeeva
Locality: Saratov region, Balashovsky district, Rodnichok village
Name of material: DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPEN LESSON in physical education in 7th grade
Subject: The influence of sports games on human health. Basketball
Publication date: 30.01.2017
Chapter: secondary education
MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "SECONDARY SCHOOL OF THE VILLAGE OF RODNICHOK NAMED AFTER VSEVOLOD PAVLOVICH SERGEEV, BALASHOVSKY DISTRICT, SARATOV REGION"
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPEN LESSON
in physical education in 7th grade
"The influence of sports games
on human health.
Basketball"
Prepared by the teacher
physical culture
Municipal educational institution secondary school s. Rodnichok"
Kovalenko Margarita Timofeevna
2016
1
Abstract of the physical education lesson “Influence
sports,
outdoor games on human health. Basketball" for 7th grade students
The lesson was prepared for the section of the program “Basketball” and “Fundamentals of Knowledge” (theoretical part) using computer technology (presentations). The topic of the presentation is “The influence of sports and outdoor games on the health of students through health-saving technologies in physical education lessons” using basketball as an example. Viewing of presentation slides is provided in the introductory part of the lesson in the gym. These slides are compiled to familiarize students with the concept of “Healthy lifestyle”; they should: - contribute to the development of habits and the need for a healthy lifestyle; - instill skills in managing your health; - to form among students an active position in maintaining and strengthening their health; - raise a socially significant personality; - help children find harmony of soul and body. Viewing the slides will allow students to learn how sports and outdoor games affect human health. In the introductory part of the lesson, students are asked to perform general physical exercises. As students perform, the effect of each exercise on the body and the technique of execution are explained. (work at stations) The main part of the lesson includes the following tasks: 1. Formation of a healthy lifestyle. 2. Improving the outdoor switchgear complex with basketballs. 3. Securing the dribble in place and in motion. 4. Improve technical techniques of the game: - passing the ball with both hands from the chest; - throws into the ring. 5. Develop speed abilities. In the final part of the lesson, relaxation tasks are offered with the aim of relaxing and restoring, raising their spirits. During the implementation of the lesson, I pursued the following goals and objectives: - promoting the formation of personal ideas about the prestige of a high level of health; - developing skills to use physical education means to improve health; - fostering a desire for independent physical exercise in order to form a healthy lifestyle. Materials for creating the presentation were taken from methodological literature: 1. V.I. Lyakh Physical education textbook for 7th grade students. Moscow, “Enlightenment” 2005. 2. S.E. Golomidova Non-standard physical education lessons 7th grade “Teacher - AST” 2005 3. Internet resources. 2
Lesson summary on physical education for 7th grade Lesson topic: “The influence of sports and outdoor games on human health. Basketball". Purpose of the lesson: To introduce students to playing basketball in order to develop the need for a healthy lifestyle and to educate a harmoniously developed, physically strong, morally resilient citizen of modern society with sports skills. Objectives of the lesson: 1. Formation of a healthy lifestyle 2. Teaching movement techniques, combination techniques techniques: dribbling, throwing, picking up the ball 3. Development of coordination, speed, speed and strength qualities. 4. Fostering activity, independence, and collectivism.
Type of lesson:
Educational.
Method
carrying out:
frontal,
group,
individual,
game.
Location:
Gym Inventory and equipment: laptop, basketballs, rings, exercise equipment Venue: gym. Time: 04/25/2014
№
Dose-
roving
Organizational
method. instructions
Preparatory part
Construction, report, greeting, communication of lesson objectives. Basic knowledge of healthy lifestyle 9 min. 2 minutes. Before the lesson, together with the attendants, prepare balls, glasses and other equipment. Pay attention to the student's form. Remind about ITB in class. HEALTH is a priceless gift given to man by nature itself. Of course, a nation needs educated, well-mannered, cultured people, but the main thing, and this can hardly be argued with, is that it needs healthy people. Your health and your performance largely depend on the correct organization of your motor mode. Among team sports games 3
basketball occupies one of the most honorable places. Basketball is perfectly suited to the current times. It is difficult to find a sport that combines speed, endurance, strength, agility and, most importantly, intelligence. Regular basketball training contributes to the formation of a healthy personality. 1
Exercises in motion.
Variation of walking: on toes, fingers locked, hands up; on your heels, hands behind your head; on the inside of the foot, fingers locked, perform rotational movements; on the outside of the foot, fingers locked, perform wave-like movements in front of the chest. 2 minutes. One at a time in a column, distance 2 m. Pay attention to posture. Hands behind your head, elbows to the side. 2 Steady running 1 min. The pace is calm. Place your foot on the floor from the heel. Running and all subsequent exercises should be done with b/w balls. 3 Moving with side steps on the right and left sides along the perimeter of the basketball court. 30 sec. Along the front lines with the right side, along the side lines with the left. Lower the pelvis, do not cross the feet. The steps are fast and short. 5 Hold the ball above your head with straight arms. Jerk your arms back with each step. 30 sec. Keep your head straight. 6 The ball is in the hands in front of the chest. Turn the torso and move the ball towards the forward leg. 30 sec. Lunge forward. 7 Walking while rotating the ball around the body at waist level, transferring the ball from hand to hand. 30 sec. Rotate the ball around the body alternately to the right and left sides 4 times. 4
8 Walking with the ball moving from hand to hand under the foot in front for each step. 30 sec. Keep your torso in an inclined position, raise your head, look forward. 9 Hold the “full” ball with bent arms in front of your chest. Moving with lunges, send the ball to the floor and, after rebounding, catch it at knee level with your arms straight at the elbows. 30 sec. Try to catch a “full” ball. Monitor the coordination of arm and leg movements. 10 Ball in hands in front of chest. Moving by jumping, lift the ball above your head. 30 sec. When jumping with the ball, look up at the ball. Additional exercises at stations 3-4 min Watch the correctness of performing exercise 11. Moving at a slow run, stop in two steps. 30 sec. Stop in two steps when the whistle blows.
II
Main part
Strengthen the technique of dribbling the ball by changing the direction and speed of movement. 26 min. Focus on the correct placement of the hand on the ball. Focus the student's attention on dribbling the ball without visual control. 1
Exercises to repeat
Dribbling the ball by walking and running in a circle, along the side lines of the basketball court, dribble the ball straight, and along the end lines, dribble the ball sideways in a low stance as a basketball player. 2 minutes. Before performing the exercise, introduce the student to the rule of “movement” and remind the rule of “driving the ball”. Half the hall with the right hand and the remaining half of the hall with the left. When dribbling the ball in a low stance, reduce the height of the ball's rebound by bending your legs. Dribbling the ball can be carried out diagonally on the basketball court and with a “snake”. 2 Perform the previous exercise with an emphasis on dribbling without visual control of the ball. 3 min. The person on duty at the lesson hands out special glasses to the students. It is necessary to remind students about PTB when dribbling without visual control of the ball. 3 Gears in motion in threes
3
Fast movement and accurate passing without losing the ball. 5
4 1. Gears in motion in “8” in threes.
5
Proper movement around the site in interaction with partners. 3 Game “Keep the ball” 4 min. Students dribble the ball on one side of the court, trying to knock the ball away from the other player with their free hand. A player is eliminated from the game if he makes the following mistakes: his ball is knocked out; touches the ball and holds it with 2 hands; crossed the boundary line. The winners are the players whose ball is not knocked out. Players who are eliminated from the game perform the exercise. as directed by the teacher.
Education
basics
technology
throw
with one hand on top in motion after
management
Explanation and demonstration of the exercise. Let me remind you that this throw is most often used to attack the basket in motion from close range. It is based on a two-step technique. The ball is caught with a wide step of the right foot (for right-handers). The subsequent left step is shortened, stopping, and ends with a push-off almost vertically upward. The ball is carried to the right hand and at the highest point of the jump, with a soft movement of the hand, it is directed into the backboard. The player lands on both feet. 3 min. Formation in 2 lines facing the basketball backboard, where the exercise will be demonstrated. When showing, use posters and videos. 6
1 1. Group exercise: speed passes with movement. Set up in two columns at a distance of 5-6m from each other. Opposite each column there is one player, the ball is passed to them from the player in front, and then after receiving the ball back, they stand at the end of their column. Players who are located opposite the columns perform a return pass and move with side steps to the other column for 3 minutes. . The exercise is performed on the accuracy of passes and the endurance of moving players 3 I.P. – with the ball 3-4 m from the basket on the right. Throwing the ball after a short dribble. 4 min. Form a column of 7. Instruct each column to position itself to the right of the shield at an angle of 30-45 degrees. Focus on the fact that during the jump the player takes the ball up and transfers it to the right hand. Focus on shots reflected from the shield. 4 Educational game (according to simplified game rules). 4 min. The game must be played within the boundaries of the court. You cannot use rough techniques or run with the ball in your hands.
III
1
Final part
Gamers
exercises
coordination:
at the same time, circular stroking of the abdomen with the right hand, and the head with the left hand; stroking the head with the right hand and tapping the thigh with the left hand. 5 minutes. 30 sec. 2
1.
Repetition of rules and gestures
Basketball game refereeing:
incorrect management; deliberate kicking; ball delay; violation during movement; break in the game; two points; personal foul; delay; push or collision without 30 sec. Keep your torso straight and move your arms clearly. 7
ball; incorrect play with hands; widely spaced elbows 3 Summing up. 4 min. Formation in one line. Mark the most active students in the lesson. Pay attention to common mistakes. Demonstration of throwing in motion after catching the ball (connection with the subsequent topic of the lesson). D/Z. Simulate a throw in motion; a set of strength exercises. 4
Organized care.
1m One per column. The attendant removes the balls
Lesson appendix
8
Horizontally: 1. “Trap” for the ball in basketball. (ring) 2. Olympic sport. (basketball) 3. Passing the ball in basketball. (pass) 4. Famous basketball coach from Russia. (Gomel) 5. Basketball hoop. (Basket) 6.The birthplace of basketball. (USA) 7.Russian basketball player playing in the NBA. (Kirilenko) 9
17. Tight, active defense, forcing attackers to make hasty actions and mistakes. (Pressing) 18. Role of the tallest player on a basketball team. (Center) 20. Three steps with the ball. (Jogging) 21. False and distracting actions, movements with the aim of misleading the opponent. (Feints) 23. Attack system. (Attack) 24. Action. (Transmission) Vertical: 8.What is the basketball hoop attached to? (shield) 9. One of the best basketball teams in Russia. (CSKA) 10. Violation of rules in basketball. (foul) 11.Soviet basketball player, included in the NBA Basketball Hall of Fame. (Belov) 12. One of the best shooting guards in the history of the NBA. (Jordan) 13. European Basketball Champion in 2009 among men's teams. (Spain) 14. Advancement of attackers towards the opponents' hoop in order to create a numerical advantage and throw the ball into the hoop . (Attack) 15. One of the most important selection criteria for playing basketball. (height) 16. The player’s action aimed at hitting the opponents’ hoop with the ball. (Throw) 19. Advancement of the player with the ball, hitting him on the floor. (dribbling) 22. . Organizing counteraction to the attack of opponents, the desire to prevent the ball from being thrown into one’s ring. (Defense) 10
Basketball game refereeing gestures
The following series of referee gestures affects everything that is in one way or another connected with playing time.
Administrative Gestures
Basketball referees are associated with replacing one player with another, inviting the player to the court, announcing a time-out, as well as visually demonstrating the countdown (five seconds and eight seconds). In addition, there is a gesture that is used to communicate between the referees and the table officials. eleven
Unfortunately, statistics inexorably show a deterioration in the general health of children in Russia. Many factors are to blame. The influence of environmental factors, the rhythm of modern life, the emergence of gadgets, computers, workload at school and even in kindergarten; overwork, the influence of numerous electrical appliances surrounding the child instead of flowers and trees, a basic lack of walks in the fresh air - weaken the health of a little person. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the body’s defenses through preventive measures aimed at strengthening immunity, as well as through physical activity. The sooner you start doing physical activity and sports, the greater the benefits for physical and psychological health. Physical education, sports and health are closely interconnected. There are two different concepts: physical education and sports. Physical education is aimed at improving health, and sports is aimed at obtaining maximum results and sports awards.
Physical Culture has a positive effect on the growth, development and strengthening of the child’s body. Current objectives are to instill in children an interest in physical exercise and teach them accessible motor skills. But physical education is not just running and squats. This is a principle, an ideology, a system that includes a set of actions and exercises, correctly set up and correctly performed. Therefore, in order for physical education to be effective and beneficial to the body, it is necessary to follow some rules. Physical education for children of different ages includes very different activities. Physical education for children under one year old includes reflexive, passive and active exercises. As the child grows up, the exercises become more complex and varied. At first, everything happens in a playful way, but closer to the age of 6 it approaches a school lesson. Parents should be interested in ensuring that their children’s daily routine includes physical activity every day. It is important that the joint work of preschool institutions and families is achieved in using all the possibilities of physical education. If measures to improve a child’s health carried out in kindergarten are supplemented by daily exercises and outdoor games in a family setting (taking into account the child’s individuality and the use of a variety of exercises), he develops individual inclinations and interests.
The family largely determines children’s attitude towards physical exercise, their interest in sports, activity and initiative. Children are especially susceptible to the beliefs, positive behavior of their father, mother, and family lifestyle. Therefore, it is desirable to involve parents in the active pedagogical process, so that the knowledge they acquire is embodied in the specific work of raising children.
Movement, physical education and sports- This is an opportunity to give the child a vital exercise for the body. Little physical activity in a child can lead to a number of serious changes in his body. Today, 4-8% of schoolchildren are diagnosed with obesity. The optimal age to start physical education is 6 years old. Various dance clubs can accommodate 4-5 year old children. In any case, the child should not be sent to where adults want, but to the section that is most suitable for him - in terms of weight and height, in terms of the degree of emotional formation.
Positive characteristics of sports:
- during physical exercise, the human body accelerates metabolic processes, as a result of which fat cells are intensively burned;
- sport helps strengthen the immune system, especially against viral and colds;
- regular exercise promotes a healthy lifestyle, excluding smoking tobacco and drinking alcoholic beverages;
- sport has a positive effect on the human spine, developing correct healthy posture;
- Constant sports activities help strengthen the muscle frame, improve bone tissue, oxygen flows much more easily to all muscles, thereby improving cellular metabolism and lipid metabolism;
- thanks to sports, a large number of blood vessels appear, the condition of the cardiovascular system improves;
- has a beneficial effect on the human nervous system. During sports, speed and agility, as well as reaction speed, improve;
- improves attention and cognitive abilities of children;
- the person becomes more resilient. Sports build character.
Due to new movements and team games, for example, playing basketball, volleyball, football, lateral vision develops, which contributes to quick decision-making. Improves brain activity. In the process of physical activity, endorphins are produced, hormones of happiness, which improve mood and give a feeling of satisfaction with life.
In cases where a child has health problems, physical therapy classes are recommended. Therapeutic exercise is a set of physical and breathing exercises that has a general health-improving and therapeutic effect on the young body. Exercise therapy classes are very useful for chronic or congenital pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, respiratory, and digestive systems. Regular adequate physical activity promotes the harmonious development of the child and reduces the frequency of colds and other diseases. In addition to the main task, physical therapy provides the necessary positive emotional background. A competitive spirit in the company of peers helps to develop favorable motivation, which is a necessary condition for training.
Duration of physical therapy sessions:
20-50 minutes (depending on age, physical fitness, severity of disorders, psycho-emotional state of the child, features of the treatment complex).
Classes are conducted under the guidance of a specialist instructor, where the following tasks are solved:
- developing the skill of correct posture;
- strengthening and healing the whole body, training the respiratory system and heart;
- relaxation and stretching of overstrained muscles;
- training weakened muscles;
- meeting the child’s physical and social needs for self-development.
So, the influence of physical education on a child’s health is difficult to overestimate.
Unfortunately, statistics inexorably show a deterioration in the general health of children in Russia. Many factors are to blame. The influence of environmental factors, the rhythm of modern life, the emergence of gadgets, computers, workload at school and even in kindergarten; overwork, the influence of numerous electrical appliances surrounding the child instead of flowers and trees, a basic lack of walks in the fresh air - weaken the health of a little person. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the body’s defenses through preventive measures aimed at strengthening immunity, as well as through physical activity. The sooner you start doing physical activity and sports, the greater the benefits for physical and psychological health. Physical education, sports and health are closely interconnected. There are two different concepts: physical education and sports. Physical education is aimed at improving health, and sports is aimed at obtaining maximum results and sports awards.
Physical Culture has a positive effect on the growth, development and strengthening of the child’s body. Current objectives are to instill in children an interest in physical exercise and teach them accessible motor skills. But physical education is not just running and squats. This is a principle, an ideology, a system that includes a set of actions and exercises, correctly set up and correctly performed. Therefore, in order for physical education to be effective and beneficial to the body, it is necessary to follow some rules. Physical education for children of different ages includes very different activities. Physical education for children under one year old includes reflexive, passive and active exercises. As the child grows up, the exercises become more complex and varied. At first, everything happens in a playful way, but closer to the age of 6 it approaches a school lesson. Parents should be interested in ensuring that their children’s daily routine includes physical activity every day. It is important that the joint work of preschool institutions and families is achieved in using all the possibilities of physical education. If measures to improve a child’s health carried out in kindergarten are supplemented by daily exercises and outdoor games in a family setting (taking into account the child’s individuality and the use of a variety of exercises), he develops individual inclinations and interests.
The family largely determines children’s attitude towards physical exercise, their interest in sports, activity and initiative. Children are especially susceptible to the beliefs, positive behavior of their father, mother, and family lifestyle. Therefore, it is desirable to involve parents in the active pedagogical process, so that the knowledge they acquire is embodied in the specific work of raising children.
Movement, physical education and sports- This is an opportunity to give the child a vital exercise for the body. Little physical activity in a child can lead to a number of serious changes in his body. Today, 4-8% of schoolchildren are diagnosed with obesity. The optimal age to start physical education is 6 years old. Various dance clubs can accommodate 4-5 year old children. In any case, the child should not be sent to where adults want, but to the section that is most suitable for him - in terms of weight and height, in terms of the degree of emotional formation.
Positive characteristics of sports:
- during physical exercise, the human body accelerates metabolic processes, as a result of which fat cells are intensively burned;
- sport helps strengthen the immune system, especially against viral and colds;
- regular exercise promotes a healthy lifestyle, excluding smoking tobacco and drinking alcoholic beverages;
- sport has a positive effect on the human spine, developing correct healthy posture;
- Constant sports activities help strengthen the muscle frame, improve bone tissue, oxygen flows much more easily to all muscles, thereby improving cellular metabolism and lipid metabolism;
- thanks to sports, a large number of blood vessels appear, the condition of the cardiovascular system improves;
- has a beneficial effect on the human nervous system. During sports, speed and agility, as well as reaction speed, improve;
- improves attention and cognitive abilities of children;
- the person becomes more resilient. Sports build character.
Due to new movements and team games, for example, playing basketball, volleyball, football, lateral vision develops, which contributes to quick decision-making. Improves brain activity. In the process of physical activity, endorphins are produced, hormones of happiness, which improve mood and give a feeling of satisfaction with life.
In cases where a child has health problems, physical therapy classes are recommended. Therapeutic exercise is a set of physical and breathing exercises that has a general health-improving and therapeutic effect on the young body. Exercise therapy classes are very useful for chronic or congenital pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, respiratory, and digestive systems. Regular adequate physical activity promotes the harmonious development of the child and reduces the frequency of colds and other diseases. In addition to the main task, physical therapy provides the necessary positive emotional background. A competitive spirit in the company of peers helps to develop favorable motivation, which is a necessary condition for training.
Duration of physical therapy sessions:
20-50 minutes (depending on age, physical fitness, severity of disorders, psycho-emotional state of the child, features of the treatment complex).
Classes are conducted under the guidance of a specialist instructor, where the following tasks are solved:
- developing the skill of correct posture;
- strengthening and healing the whole body, training the respiratory system and heart;
- relaxation and stretching of overstrained muscles;
- training weakened muscles;
- meeting the child’s physical and social needs for self-development.
So, the influence of physical education on a child’s health is difficult to overestimate.