World complex competitions in winter sports, held since 1924 by the International Olympic Committee in the Year of the Olympic Games (did not take place in 1940, 1944). Year and location of the Winter Olympic Games: I 1924 (Chamonix, France); II and V… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Venues of the Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games are the largest international competitions in winter sports, held once every 4 years under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee. The Winter Olympics have begun... ... Wikipedia
Winter Olympic Games- žiemos olimpinės žaidynės statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Žiemos sporto šakų žaidynės, rengiamos TOK kas 4 metai, lyginiais tarp vasaros olimpinių žaidynių metais. Sprendimą rengti žiemos olimpines žaidynes TOK priėmė 1925 m … Sporto terminų žodynas
The largest international complex competitions in winter sports (See Winter sports). Z.O.i. are held once every four years in the year of the Olympic Games (See Olympic Games). The first Z.O. and. were held in 1924 in Chamonix... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
World complex competitions in winter sports, held since 1924 by the International Olympic Committee in 1924 92 in the year of the Olympic Games (did not take place in 1940, 1944); since 1994 in the middle of the Olympic cycle. Year and location of the Winter... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Winter Olympic Games - … Spelling dictionary of the Russian language
- (English 2022 Winter Olympics, French Jeux Olympiques d’hiver de 2022, official name XXIV Winter Olympic Games) The 24th Winter Olympic Games, which will be held in early 2022. Official applications for the Games... ... Wikipedia
The years were originally scheduled to take place from February 3 to February 12, 1940 in Sapporo, Japan. After Japan refused to host the games, the IOC moved the planned games to St. Moritz in July 1937, but later due to disagreements with the Swiss committee... ... Wikipedia
This article or section contains information about an upcoming sporting event that will take place in 1 year 1 month 16 days. With the start of the event, the content of the article may change... Wikipedia
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- White Games classified as secret USSR and the Winter Olympic Games 1956-1988, Aroyan E. (ed.), Sport in the twentieth century was an integral part of world politics, which had an increasingly increasing influence on it and actively interfered with the holding of competitions. During the Cold War... Category: Healthy lifestyle. Sport
- Olympic Year "72. XI Winter Olympic Games. XX Summer Olympic Games, Alexander Dobrov, The album tells about the progress and results of the XI Winter Olympic Games in Saporo and the XX Summer Olympic Games in Munich, about difficult Olympic starts, about how the Soviets went to victory athletes, about... Category: Olympic Games Publisher:
The Olympic Games, Olympic Games are the largest international complex sports competitions of our time, which are held every four years. The tradition that existed in ancient Greece was revived by a French public figure at the end of the 19th century Pierre de Coubertin. The Olympic Games, also known as the Summer Olympics, have been held every four years since 1896, with the exception of years following the World Wars. In 1924, the Winter Olympic Games were established and were originally held in the same year as the Summer Olympics. However, since 1994, the timing of the Winter Olympic Games has been shifted by two years relative to the timing of the Summer Games.
Ancient Olympic Games
The Olympic Games of Ancient Greece were a religious and sports festival held in Olympia. Information about the origin of the games has been lost, but several legends describing this event have survived. The first documented celebration dates back to 776 BC. e., although it is known that games were held earlier. During the games, a sacred truce was declared; during this time it was forbidden to wage war, although this was repeatedly violated.
The Olympic Games significantly lost their importance with the arrival of the Romans. After Christianity became the official religion, games began to be seen as a manifestation of paganism and in 394 AD. e. they were banned by the emperor Theodosius I.
Revival of the Olympic Idea
Even after the ban on ancient competitions, the Olympic idea did not disappear completely. For example, in England during the 17th century, “Olympic” competitions and competitions were repeatedly held. Later, similar competitions were organized in France and Greece. However, these were small events that were, at best, regional in nature. The first true predecessors to the modern Olympic Games are the Olympias, which were held regularly between 1859 and 1888. The idea of reviving the Olympic Games in Greece belonged to the poet Panagiotis Soutsos, brought it to life by a public figure Evangelis Zappas.
In 1766, as a result of archaeological excavations in Olympia, sports and temple buildings were discovered. In 1875, archaeological research and excavations continued under German leadership. At that time, romantic-idealistic ideas about antiquity were in vogue in Europe. The desire to revive Olympic thinking and culture spread quite quickly throughout Europe. French Baron Pierre de Coubertin (French: Pierre de Coubertin) said then: “Germany has excavated what remains of ancient Olympia. Why can't France restore its old greatness?
Baron Pierre de Coubertin
According to Coubertin, it was the weak physical condition of the French soldiers that became one of the reasons for the defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. He seeks to change this by improving the physical culture of the French. At the same time, he wanted to overcome national egoism and contribute to the struggle for peace and international understanding. The “youth of the world” were supposed to measure their strength in sports competitions, and not on the battlefields. Reviving the Olympic Games seemed in his eyes the best solution to achieve both goals.
At a congress held from June 16-23, 1894 at the Sorbonne (University of Paris), he presented his thoughts and ideas to an international audience. On the last day of the congress (June 23), it was decided that the first Olympic Games of our time should be held in 1896 in Athens, in the ancestral country of the Games - Greece. To organize the Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was founded. The first president of the Committee was a Greek Demetrius Vikelas, who was president until the end of the First Olympic Games in 1896. Baron became General Secretary Pierre de Coubertin.
The first Games of our time were truly a great success. Despite the fact that only 241 athletes (14 countries) took part in the Games, the Games became the largest sporting event ever held since Ancient Greece. Greek officials were so pleased that they put forward a proposal to hold the Olympic Games “forever” in their homeland, Greece. But the IOC introduced rotation between different states so that every 4 years the Games change their location.
After the first success, the Olympic movement experienced the first crisis in its history. The 1900 Games in Paris (France) and the 1904 Games in St. Louis (Missouri, USA) were combined with the World Exhibitions. Sports competitions dragged on for months and attracted almost no interest from spectators. Almost only American athletes participated in the Games in St. Louis, since getting from Europe across the ocean in those years was very difficult for technical reasons.
At the 1906 Olympic Games in Athens (Greece), sports competitions and results again came first. Although the IOC initially recognized and supported the holding of these "interim Games" (just two years after the previous ones), these Games are now not recognized as Olympic Games. Some sports historians consider the 1906 Games to be the salvation of the Olympic idea, as they prevented the games from becoming “meaningless and unnecessary.”
Modern Olympic Games
The principles, rules and regulations of the Olympic Games are determined by the Olympic Charter, the foundations of which were approved by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894, which, at the suggestion of the French educator and public figure Pierre de Coubertin, decided to organize the Games on the model of the ancient ones and to create the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
According to the charter of the Games, the Olympics “... unite amateur athletes from all countries in fair and equal competitions. There shall be no discrimination against countries or individuals on racial, religious or political grounds...” The games are held in the first year of the Olympiad (4-year period between games). The Olympiads have been counted since 1896, when the first Olympic Games took place (I Olympiad - 1896-99). The Olympiad also receives its number in cases where the games are not held (for example, VI - in 1916-19, XII - 1940-43, XIII - 1944-47). The symbol of the Olympic Games is five fastened rings, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world in the Olympic movement, the so-called. Olympic rings. The color of the rings in the top row is blue for Europe, black for Africa, red for America, in the bottom row - yellow for Asia, green for Australia. In addition to Olympic sports, the organizing committee has the right to choose to include in the program exhibition competitions in 1-2 sports that are not recognized by the IOC. In the same year as the Olympics, the Winter Olympic Games have been held since 1924, which have their own numbering. Since 1994, the dates of the Winter Olympic Games have been shifted by 2 years relative to the summer ones. The location of the Olympics is chosen by the IOC; the right to organize them is granted to the city, not the country. Duration no more than 15 days (winter games - no more than 10).
The Olympic movement has its own emblem and flag, approved by the IOC at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913. The emblem is the Olympic rings. The motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger). The flag is a white cloth with the Olympic rings, and has been flown at all Games since 1920.
Among the traditional rituals of the Games:
* lighting of the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (the flame is lit from the sun's rays in Olympia and delivered by a torch relay of athletes to the host city of the Games);
* pronouncement of the Olympic oath by one of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Olympics are taking place on behalf of all participants in the games;
* taking an oath of impartial judging on behalf of the judges;
* presentation of medals to winners and prize-winners of competitions;
* raising the national flag and singing the national anthem in honor of the winners.
Since 1932, the host city has been building an “Olympic village” - a complex of residential premises for the participants of the games. According to the charter, the Games are a competition between individual athletes and not between national teams. However, since 1908 the so-called unofficial team standings - determining the place occupied by teams based on the number of medals received and points scored in competitions (points are awarded for the first 6 places according to the system: 1st place - 7 points, 2nd - 5, 3rd - 4, 4 -e - 3, 5th - 2, 6th - 1). The title of Olympic champion is the most honorable and coveted title in the career of an athlete in those sports in which Olympic tournaments are held. The exception is football, since the title of world champion in this sport is much more prestigious.
MOSCOW, February 9 - RIA Novosti. The XXIII Winter Olympic Games start in PyeongChang (South Korea) on Friday and will last until February 25.
The following is background information on the history of the Winter Games.
The Winter Olympic Games are complex winter sports competitions held by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) once every four years.
For the first time, winter sports (figure skating) appeared at the 1908 Games in London. The issue of holding the Winter Olympic Games was discussed at the IOC session in Budapest in 1911. It was proposed to organize a special Winter Sports Week as part of the next Olympic Games in Stockholm, but the organizers of the Games opposed such a proposal. The program of the Summer Games in Antwerp (1920) included figure skating and ice hockey.
The 1st Winter Olympic Games were held from January 25 to February 5, 1924 in Chamonix (France). Their program included cross-country skiing competitions (18 and 50 km races, ski jumping, combined events), speed skating (500, 1500, 5000 and 10,000 m distances), figure skating (men's and women's singles, pair skating), and also hockey and bobsleigh. In addition, exhibition competitions were held - ski races of military patrols and curling matches. A total of 16 sets of medals were competed for, for which 258 athletes from 16 countries competed. In the medal standings (hereinafter referred to as the team standings based on the number of gold medals), the Norwegian team won, winning 17 awards: 4 gold, 7 silver and 6 bronze medals. The second place was taken by the Finnish team - 11 awards (4 gold and silver, 3 bronze medals), the third - the Austrian team (2-1-0). The Games in Chamonix were originally called "Winter Sports Week" and did not have the status of the Olympic Games. Following their success, the IOC decided to hold the Winter Olympic Games regularly (every four years), and the competition held in Chamonix received official status as the first Olympic Winter Games.
The II Winter Olympic Games were held in St. Moritz (Switzerland) from February 11 to 19, 1928. 464 athletes from 25 countries took part in the Games, and 14 sets of medals were awarded. Skeleton was included in the program for the first time. For the first time, athletes from Asia - Japanese athletes - took part in the competition. In the medal standings, the first place was taken by the Norwegian team - 15 medals (6 gold, 4 silver and 5 bronze), second place - the US team, which won 6 medals (2 gold, silver and bronze each), third place - the Swedish team with 5 medals ( 2 gold and silver, 1 bronze).
The III Winter Olympic Games were held in Lake Placid, America, from February 4 to 15, 1932. 252 athletes from 17 countries took part in them, and 14 sets of awards were competed for. At these competitions, for the only time in the history of the Olympic Games, speed skating races were held according to the rules adopted in the United States, that is, with a common start. In the medal standings, the USA team took first place - 12 awards (6 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals), the Norwegian team took second - 10 awards (3 gold, 4 silver and 3 bronze medals), the Swedish team took third place - 3 awards (1 gold, 2 silver medals).
The IV Winter Olympic Games were held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, from February 6 to 16, 1936. 646 athletes from 28 countries took part, and 17 sets of awards were awarded. The competition program included a ski relay and competitions in the alpine ski combination (downhill plus slalom). In the medal standings, the first place was taken by the Norwegian team - 15 awards (7 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze), the second place was taken by the German team - 6 awards (3 gold and silver each), the third place was taken by the Swedish team - 7 awards (2 gold and silver each). and 3 bronze).
The 1940 Winter Olympics were originally scheduled to take place from February 3 to 12 in Sapporo, Japan, but were canceled in 1939 due to the outbreak of World War II. The 1944 Winter Games were supposed to take place in the Italian city of Cortina d'Ampezzo, but were also cancelled.
The V Winter Olympic Games were held in St. Moritz, Switzerland from January 30 to February 8, 1948 and received a special name - the “Renaissance Games”. 669 athletes from 28 countries took part, and 22 sets of medals were competed for. Skeleton was again included in the Games program, which next appeared only in 2002. Athletes from Germany and Japan were not allowed to participate in the Games as representatives of countries that started World War II. In the medal standings, the teams of Sweden and Norway shared first place - 10 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 3 bronze). The second was the Swiss team, which also won 10 awards (3 gold and bronze and 4 silver medals). Third place went to the US team - 9 awards (3 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The VI Winter Olympic Games were held in Oslo (Norway) from February 14 to 25, 1952. 694 athletes from 30 countries took part, and 22 sets of medals were competed for. For the first time, competitions were held among female skiers (a 10-kilometer race), and in alpine skiing competitions the combination was replaced by giant slalom. The hosts of the competition, the Norwegians, again excelled in the medal standings, winning 16 awards (7 gold, 3 silver and 6 bronze). The Americans took second place - 11 medals (4 gold, 6 silver and 1 bronze). The Finnish team took third place - 9 awards (3 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The VII Winter Olympic Games were held in the Italian Cortina d'Ampezzo from January 26 to February 5, 1956. 821 athletes from 32 countries participated, 24 sets of awards were awarded. The USSR team became the debutant of the Games. In the medal standings, it became the first, having won 16 awards ( 7 gold, 3 silver and 6 bronze medals).The Austrian team took second place with 11 awards (4 gold and bronze, 3 silver). The Finnish team took third place - 7 awards (3 gold and 3 silver, 1 bronze medal).
The VIII Winter Olympic Games took place in Squaw Valley (USA) from February 18 to 28, 1960. 665 athletes from 30 countries took part in the Games, and 27 sets of medals were awarded. Biathlon, previously known as ski patrol competitions, was officially included in the Olympic program; women competed in speed skating. Due to the lack of a track, bobsleigh left the Games program for the first time. The USSR team won the medal standings, winning 21 awards (7 gold, 5 silver and 9 bronze medals). The joint German team took second place - 8 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze medal). The US team was third with 10 awards (3 gold and bronze and 4 silver medals).
The IX Winter Olympic Games were held in Innsbruck (Austria) from January 29 to February 9, 1964. 1091 athletes from 36 countries took part in them, 34 sets of medals were competed for. Mongolia, India and North Korea took part in the Olympics for the first time. The USSR team won the medal standings - 25 awards (11 gold, 8 silver and 6 bronze medals). The second was the Austrian team - 12 awards (4 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze medals), the third was the Norwegian team with 15 awards (3 gold, 6 silver and bronze medals).
The X Winter Olympic Games were held in Grenoble, France from February 6 to 18, 1968. 1,158 athletes from 37 countries took part, and 35 sets of awards were awarded. For the first time, medals featured a pictogram for each sport. In addition, the Games had their own mascot, but it was unofficial. The first place in the medal standings was taken by the Norwegian team - 14 awards (6 gold and silver medals, 2 bronze), the USSR team was in second place with 13 awards (5 gold and silver medals, 3 bronze), the French team was third - 9 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The XI Winter Olympic Games were held in Sapporo (Japan) from February 3 to 13, 1972. 1006 athletes from 35 countries took part in the Games, and 35 sets of medals were awarded. For the first time, the Winter Olympics took place on the Asian continent. In the medal standings, the first were the USSR athletes, who won 16 awards (8 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze medals), the second was the GDR team - 14 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 7 bronze medals). In third place is the Swiss team with 10 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and bronze medals).
The XII Winter Olympic Games were held in Innsbruck (Austria) from February 4 to 15, 1976. 1,123 athletes from 37 countries took part in the competition, and 37 sets of medals were awarded. Initially, the XII Winter Olympic Games were to be held in Denver (USA), but city residents voted against the construction of Olympic facilities in a referendum for environmental reasons. As a result, the competition was moved to Innsbruck. At this Olympics, ice dancing was included in the program. For the first time, the organizers chose the official mascot of the Games; it was a snowman. The first in the medal standings was again the USSR team, which won 27 awards (13 gold, 6 silver and 8 bronze medals), the second place was taken by the GDR team - 19 awards (7 gold and bronze, 5 silver medals). Third place goes to the US team, which won 10 medals (3 gold and silver, 4 bronze).
The XIII Winter Olympic Games were held in Lake Placid (USA) from February 13 to 24, 1980. 1072 athletes from 37 countries took part in them, and 38 sets of awards were awarded. For the first time in the history of the Olympics, artificial snow was used. The first place in the medal standings was taken by the USSR team, which won 22 awards (10 gold, 6 silver and bronze medals). The GDR team took second place - 23 awards (9 gold, 7 silver and bronze medals). Team USA took third place with 12 medals (6 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The XIV Winter Olympic Games were held in Sarajevo (Yugoslavia, now the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina) from February 8 to 19, 1984. 1,272 athletes from 49 countries took part in them, and 39 sets of awards were awarded. In the medal standings, the GDR team took first place - 24 awards (9 gold and silver, 6 bronze medals), the USSR team took second place - 25 awards (6 gold, 10 silver, 9 bronze medals). The USA team took third place - 8 awards (4 gold and 4 silver medals).
The XV Winter Olympic Games were held in Calgary (Canada) from February 13 to 28, 1988. 1,423 athletes from 57 countries took part in the Games, and 46 sets of awards were awarded. The competition program included super-giant slalom, curling, freestyle, and speed skating. The first place in the medal standings was again taken by the USSR team, which won 29 medals (11 gold, 9 silver and bronze medals each), the GDR team was in second place - 25 awards (9 gold, 10 silver, 6 bronze). Switzerland took third place - 15 awards (5 gold, silver and bronze medals each).
The XVI Winter Olympic Games were held in Albertville (France) from February 8 to 23, 1992. 1,801 athletes from 64 countries took part in them, and 57 sets of awards were awarded. The Winter Games were last held in the same year as the Summer Games. Women's biathlon, short track speed skating and freestyle made their debut in the Games program. The United Team of athletes from the former republics of the USSR, performing under the Olympic flag (“United Team of Independent National Olympic Committees of Sovereign Countries”) took part in the competition. For the first time since 1936, a single German team participated in the Games. The German team won the medal standings, winning 26 medals (10 gold, 10 silver and 6 bronze medals). The United Team took second place - 23 awards (9 gold, 6 silver and 8 bronze medals), third - the Norwegian team, which won 20 medals (9 gold, 6 silver, 5 bronze).
The XVII Winter Olympic Games were held in Lillehammer (Norway) from February 12 to 27, 1994. 1,737 athletes from 67 countries took part in the Games, and 61 sets of awards were awarded. Due to the rescheduling of the Olympic Games so that the Winter Games did not coincide with the Summer Games, the Lillehammer Games were held two years after the Albertville Winter Olympics. The Russian team won the medal standings - 23 medals (11 gold, 8 silver and 4 bronze medals). The Norwegian team took second place with 26 awards (10 gold, 11 silver and 5 bronze medals). The German team took third place - 24 awards (9 gold, 7 silver and 8 bronze medals).
The XVIII Winter Olympic Games were held in Nagano (Japan) from February 7 to 22, 1998. 2,176 athletes from 72 countries took part in them, and 68 sets of awards were competed for. Snowboarding made its debut in the Games program, and medals were awarded in women's hockey for the first time. A big event was the first visit of NHL players to the Winter Olympics. For the first time, athletes from Azerbaijan, Venezuela, Kenya, Macedonia and Uruguay took part in the Winter Games. In the medal standings, the German team took first place - 29 awards (12 gold, 9 silver and 8 bronze medals), the Norwegian team took second place - 25 awards (10 gold and silver and 5 bronze medals). The Russian team took third place, winning 18 awards (9 gold, 6 silver and 3 bronze medals).
The XIX Winter Olympic Games were held from February 8 to 24, 2002 in Salt Lake City (USA). 2,399 athletes from 77 countries took part in them, and 78 sets of awards were awarded. Competitions in women's bobsleigh in pairs appeared in the Olympic program, and skeleton returned for the first time since 1928. In the medal standings, the Norwegian team took first place - 25 awards (13 gold, 5 silver and 7 bronze medals). The German team took second place - 36 awards (12 gold, 16 silver, 8 bronze medals), the US team took third place - 34 awards (10 gold, 13 silver and 11 bronze medals).
The XX Olympic Winter Games were held in Turin (Italy) from February 10 to 26, 2006. 2,508 athletes from 80 countries competed at the Olympics. 84 sets of awards were drawn. For the first time, athletes from Albania, Madagascar and Ethiopia took part in the competition. For the first time, video broadcasts of the Games could be watched using mobile phones. The organizers built the tallest cauldron for the Olympic flame, 57 meters high. The first place in the medal standings was taken by the German team - 29 awards (11 gold, 12 silver and 6 bronze medals), the second place was taken by the US team - 25 awards (9 gold and silver, 7 bronze medals). The Austrian team was in third position - 23 awards (9 gold and 7 silver and bronze medals).
The XXI Winter Olympic Games took place from February 12 to 28, 2010 in Vancouver, Canada. 2,566 athletes from 82 countries took part in them, and 86 sets of awards were competed for. The first place in the medal standings was taken by Canadian athletes - 26 awards (14 gold, 7 silver and 5 bronze medals), the German team took second place - 30 awards (10 gold, 13 silver and 7 bronze medals), the US team took third place - 37 awards (9 gold, 15 silver and 13 bronze medals).
The XXII Winter Olympic Games took place from February 7 to 23, 2014 in Sochi. 2,780 athletes from 88 countries took part in the Games, and 98 sets of awards were awarded. Athletes from Malta, Paraguay, East Timor, Togo, Tonga and Zimbabwe made their Olympic debuts. For the first time, the competition began the day before the opening of the Olympics - February 6, 2014. These were qualifying starts in sports such as slopestyle in snowboarding, mogul freestyle, and a team figure skating tournament. A number of sports were only included in the Olympic program in 2011, and if they were held after the opening of the Games, this could significantly disrupt the schedule.
In the medal standings, the Russian team took first place - 33 awards (13 gold, 11 silver and 9 bronze medals). Norway came second - 26 awards (11 gold, 5 silver and 10 bronze medals), third place went to the Canadian team - 25 awards (10 gold, 10 silver and 5 bronze medals)
In 2016, the ex-head of the Moscow anti-doping laboratory, Grigory Rodchenkov, said that at least 15 Russian medalists at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi were allegedly part of the Russian “doping program” aimed at dominating the home Games.
Following an investigation by an independent commission (WADA) led into doping in Russian sports, the IOC created two commissions. One of them - led by - rechecked doping samples from the Games in Sochi. The second commission, headed by the ex-president of Switzerland, checked data on possible government interference in the Russian anti-doping system.
As a result of the work of the Oswald commission, 43 Russian athletes were banned for life from the Olympics, Russia lost 13 medals (4 gold, 8 silver and one bronze) and lost first place in the medal standings of the Games in Sochi.
On December 5, 2017, the IOC Executive Committee made a decision on disqualification (ROC). Russian athletes were admitted to the 2018 Winter Games in Pyeongchang in a neutral status - “Olympic athletes from Russia.” The fate of each future Olympian had to be decided by the IOC commission led by Valérie Fourneyron. It was she who was responsible for invitations to athletes to the Olympics, which were issued only after a thorough study of the doping “background.”
On February 1, 2017, (CAS) upheld the appeals of 28 Russian athletes against the decision (IOC) that banned them for life from participating in the Olympics and annulled their results at the Sochi Games. As a result of the CAS decision, nine medals from the 2014 Olympics will be returned. Thus, the Russian team will have 11 gold, 9 silver and 9 bronze medals, and Russia will return to first place in the medal standings.
CAS also partially granted the appeals of 11 more athletes. The court found that they were guilty of violating anti-doping rules, but replaced the lifelong ban from the Olympics with inadmissibility only to the 2018 Games. At the same time, their results at the Olympics in Sochi remained annulled. The cases of three biathletes -, and - will be considered later.
Reacting to the decision, it said that it would carefully analyze the reasoning part of the court's decision when it is available, and "discuss next steps, including filing an appeal to the Swiss Federal Court." According to Swiss law, the IOC has the right to appeal to the Federal Court within 30 days after the publication of the reasons for the verdict. After this period, the CAS decision comes into force.
Sports represented:
Bobsled
Skating
Nordic combined
Ski race
Ski jumping
Figure skating
Hockey
Demonstration types:
Curling
Military patrol competition
On first Winter Olympics 293 athletes arrived, including 13 women from 16 countries. The best athletes from the northern countries - Norway, Finland, and Sweden - took part in the Olympics.
Medals were awarded in 14 types of competitions in 5 sports. The program of the first Winter Olympic Games included: bobsleigh, skiing (racing, ski jumping, biathlon), speed skating, figure skating, and hockey.
Women competed only in figure skating.
The first gold medal went to US athlete Charles Jewtrow, who, in a bitter struggle with Norwegian Oscar Olsen, managed to win the 500-meter speed skating event. However, all other medals, 14 out of 15 awarded in this sport, went to representatives of Finland and Norway.
The hero of the first Winter Olympic Games was Finnish speed skater Claes Thunberg, who managed to achieve convincing victories with Olympic records at distances of 1500 and 5000 m, as well as in the all-around.
Athletes from Norway were the winners in all skiing disciplines. Of the 12 medals up for grabs, they lost only one. The bronze medal in the 18 km race went to Finnish skier Tapani Nik. The strongest skier in the world of those years, Norwegian Thorleif Haug, was awarded three gold and one bronze medals.
The four from Switzerland won the bobsleigh.
Canadian athletes were unsurpassed in hockey, having a huge advantage over their opponents. Thus, they won against the Czechoslovakian team with a score of 30:0, and against Switzerland - 33:0.
The only sport that was distinguished by intense rivalry between athletes from different countries - Austria, Great Britain, the USA, Finland, France, Switzerland, Sweden - was figure skating. The Austrian athletes performed more confidently than others, who received two gold medals: the women's competition, where there were 8 participants, was won by two-time world champion Herma Planck-Szabo with a large advantage, and Helen Engelmann and Alfred Berger won in pair skating. It is interesting that Helen Engelman, albeit with a different partner, was the world champion back in 1913. However, a more striking example of athletic longevity was demonstrated by runners-up Ludovika and Walter Jacobson from Finland. They won the world championship for the first time in 1911, and were champions of the 1920 Olympic Games. Swedish figure skater Gillis Grafström won the men's competition.
In the unofficial team competition, Norwegian athletes won with an overwhelming advantage over their opponents, winning 122.5 points and 18 medals - 4 gold, 7 silver, 7 bronze. Finnish Olympians were second with 59.5 points and 9 medals - 4 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze, and third were US athletes with 26 points and 3 medals - 1 gold and 2 silver.
Summer Olympics
I. 1896 Athens. Greece. The very first games after the revival of the Olympic movement.
II. 1900 Paris. France.
Extraordinary games. 1906 Athens. Greece. These games were held to develop the popularity of the Olympic movement. Although the International Olympic Committee has strongly supported them, it does not recognize them as official Olympic Games.
IV. 1908 London. Great Britain.
V. 1912 Stockholm. Sweden.
VI. 1916 Berlin. Germany. The games were canceled due to the First World War.
VII. 1920 Antwerp. Belgium.
VIII. 1924 Paris. France.
IX. 1928 Amsterdam. Netherlands.
X. 1932 Los Angeles. USA.
XI. 1936 Berlin. Germany.
XII. 1940 Helsinki. Finland. The games were canceled due to the Soviet-Finnish War and the outbreak of World War II.
XIII. 1944 London. Great Britain. Games canceled due to World War II.
XIV. 1948 London. Great Britain.
XV. 1952 Helsinki. Finland.
XVI. 1956 Melbourne and Stockholm. Australia and Sweden. The main part of the competition took place in Australia, but the other part, due to the hot Australian climate, took place in Sweden.
XVII. 1960 Rome. Italy.
XVIII. 1964 Tokyo. Japan.
XIX. 1968 Mexico City. Mexico.
XX. 1972 Munich. Germany.
XXI. 1976 Montreal. Canada.
XXII. 1980 Moscow. THE USSR.
XXIII. 1984 Los Angeles. USA.
XXIV. 1988 Seoul. South Korea.
XXV. 1992 Barcelona. Spain.
XXVI. 1996 Atlanta. USA.
XXVII. 2000 Sydney. Australia.
XXVIII. 2004 Athens. Greece.
XXIX. 2008 Beijing. China.
XXX. 2012 London. Great Britain. London won the competition among candidate cities.
XXXI. 2016 Rio de Janeiro. Brazil. Rio de Janeiro won the competition among the cities that submitted applications. For the first time, the Olympic Games will be held in South America.
Winter Olympic Games
I. 1924 Chamonix. France. The first Winter Olympic Games.
II. 1928 St. Moritz. Switzerland.
III. 1932 Lake Placid. USA.
IV. 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Germany.
(V). 1940 Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Germany. The games were canceled due to the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
(VI). 1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo. Italy. The games were canceled due to the continuation of the Second World War.
V. 1948 St. Moritz. Switzerland.
VI. 1952 Oslo. Norway.
VII. 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo. Italy.
VIII. 1960 Squaw Valley. USA.
IX. 1964 Innsbruck. Austria.
X. 1968 Grenoble. France.
XI. 1972 Sapporo. Japan.
XII. 1976 Innsbruck. Austria.
XIII. 1980 Lake Placid. USA.
XIV. 1984 Sarajevo. Yugoslavia.
XV. 1988 Calgary. Canada.
XVI. 1992 Albertville. France. The IOC has decided to shift the timing of the Winter Olympic Games by two years, relative to the Summer Olympic Games. This was done to finally separate the Winter Olympics from the Summer Olympics, and to help popularize the Olympic movement.
XVII. 1994 Lillehammer. Norway.
XVIII. 1998 Nagano. Japan.
XIX. 2002 Salt Lake City. USA.
XX. 2006 Turin. Italy.
XXI. 2010 Vancouver. Canada.
XXII. 2014 Sochi. Russian Federation. Sochi won the competition among the cities that applied to host the games.