Taekwondo (also called taekwondo) is a type of martial arts that originated in Korea. Its characteristic feature is the frequent and active use of its legs in combat. The legs in Taekwondo are used both to throw punches and to block them. Have you always wanted to fight the way they do it deftly and effectively in Asian films? Or do you just want to understand where and how these or those unforgettable taekwondo blows were delivered to you yesterday in training? In this case, this article can definitely help you. The meaning, history and description of the striking technique in taekwondo are discussed in this article.
What does the word "taekwondo" mean?
What is the meaning of the word "taekwondo" translated from Korean into Russian? Let's look into this. So, "tae" in Korean means "kicks", "quo" is translated as "fist" or, in other words, "punch", and the last part of the word "do" means "path". Thus, the word "taekwondo" includes two components. This is “taekwon”, that is, the use of arms and legs for self-defense and its second component “do” - the life path, which consists of the moral and ethical education of the individual, intensive mental training for the development of consciousness through comprehension of the culture and philosophy of taekwondo.
This is the meaning of the definition of martial arts, where taekwondo strikes are performed with hands and feet.
ITF (International Taekwon-do Federation) - this is the name of the International Taekwon-do Federation - aims to spread this martial art throughout the world and make it the most popular.
A little history
Taekwondo is a very young form of martial art when compared to others. But despite this fact, it quickly gained popularity and today there are about forty million people around the world who practice taekwondo.
Initially, it was created to form a defense system for the army. The founder is General Choi Hong Hui. The training technique is designed for both men and women of all ages. In addition, training requires a minimum investment of time and space, since in the army everything must be done quickly and accurately.
General Kicking Basics
The kicking technique is considered, according to many teachers, to be much more difficult than punching in taekwondo, and all because in this case your task is not only to strike the enemy, but also to maintain balance on one leg. Kicks can be delivered to the head or torso of the “target” or your opponent. In order to practice ideal kicks in taekwondo, you need to achieve good (even ideal) stretch in the joints of the legs. To achieve this, the taekwondo training program includes many effective stretching exercises.
Types of kicks
In taekwondo, there are many techniques for striking with both legs and arms. But now we will look at only a few of them.
So the first kick is called Ap Chagi. The arms are extended in front of you and slightly bent at the elbow. The knee rises forward and the leg sharply straightens up. The blow should be delivered to the point that is located at the level of your head. The blow must be fixed for some time in the position where the blow will be delivered to your opponent. The strength of the strike in taekwondo depends on this.
The second blow is called Tole Chagi. The starting position is the same as in the previous blow. Hands are in front of you, slightly bent at the elbows. The knee rises in front of you and then turns around. At the same moment, you should definitely turn the toe of the leg on which you are standing. This should result in a rotation of the torso. The leg that is in the air is sharply thrown forward and, just like in the previous blow, is fixed. After this, spinning on the toe of the supporting leg, we return to the starting position.
The name of the third strike is Nere Chagi. The initial stance is exactly the same as in the two previous strikes. Raise your straight leg up and then lower it down. At the moment when the leg rises up, its toe is pulled towards itself, and when it goes down, its toe is pulled towards the floor. When the leg goes down, the body should be moved back a little.
The fourth blow is the Ildan Ap Chagi kick. This strike is performed in the same way as Ap Chaga's first strike. But at the same time, we raise the leg set back up with the knee, and on the other leg at this moment we make a jump and, at the same time, an Ap Chaga kick.
The fifth blow of Nare Chagi is again a double repetition of the blow of Tole Chagi (the second blow we considered). We make one blow to Tole Chagi, raising the knee and straightening it, and after that, without lowering the leg, we jump and make another blow to Tole Chagi, only with the other leg. The difficulty is that all this must be done very quickly.
Basics of Taekwondo Punching
Before mastering it, you should understand that in taekwondo there are two types of hand positions. The first position is the palm clenched into a fist. The second position is an open palm, with the fingers pressed against each other.
- When performing a punch, you need to move your pelvis and abdominal area slowly as the movement begins. You should move faster when the movement ends.
- In order for your arms to be as fast as possible, you need to rotate them.
- The moment your body begins contact with the opponent’s body, you need to tense your abdominal muscles with a sharp exhalation.
- In order not to be captured by the enemy, before starting a new action, you should each time take the initial position of the hands after performing the previous action.
- If the attacked opponent is located in front of you, then your arms and shoulders should form an isosceles triangle.
Examples of strikes
Punching in Taekwondo has three levels. Are Chirigi - struck below the belt, Monton Chirigi - from the waist to the head, Olgul Chirigi - a blow to the head.
The stance from which punches are performed - legs are spaced wider than shoulders, hands are placed at the waist, slightly bent at the elbows. You should always start hitting with your left hand. The left hand goes forward from the belt and, striking, turns around. This blow is called Monton Chirigi.
Tu Bon Chirigi is two Monton Chirigi strikes delivered one after the other. Se Bon Chirigi are the same blows of Monton Chirigi, only now their number increases to three. These are some of the kicks in Taekwondo.
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Choi Sung Mo
Taekwondo for beginners
Taekwondo is extremely popular in the modern world. This ancient martial art and a very spectacular and dynamic sport is being developed in more than 170 countries. However, there are still few high-quality textbooks on taekwondo published in Russian. That is why I am very pleased with the appearance of this textbook in Russian, prepared by my Korean friend, Master Choi Sung Mo. Taekwondo develops not only physical qualities, but also leads its followers along the path of philosophical and psychological development, and contributes to the comprehensive development of the individual. The many aspects of comprehensive physical and mental training inherent in the practice of this martial art capture the hearts of young people who come to taekwondo gyms around the world. And Russia is no exception. Of course, no book, even the most exceptional one, can replace a coach. Therefore, I hope that after reading this manual, you will fall in love with taekwondo and continue studying this ancient art under the guidance of experienced mentors in one of the many taekwondo schools that are open in almost all regions of Russia.
E.Yu. Klyuchnikov
President of the Russian Taekwondo Union,
executive committee member
World Taekwondo Federation (WTF)
Mr. Choi Sung Mo was born in April 1952 in the Korean city of Pyeongtaek, which is located one hundred kilometers from Seoul. At the age of 9, he began studying taekwondo, and at the age of 15 he received a black belt (1st dan). At the age of twenty, he continued his training in Korean martial arts and methods of controlling Ki energy from Grandmaster Yong Soo Park, who is one of the most mysterious and phenomenal personalities in the modern world of Korean martial arts. Meeting and studying with Grandmaster Yong Soo Park had a huge impact on the worldview and system of life values of Mr. Choi Sung Mo. He decided to devote his life to studying and teaching martial arts. Since 1980, Master Choi Sung Mo has been teaching taekwondo as an official instructor of Kukkiwon, the headquarters of the World Taekwondo Federation. Today, dozens of his students teach taekwondo in many countries around the world. Master Choi Sung Mo is currently an 8th Dan in Taekwondo (WTF), 8th Dan in Pro Taekwondo, and has master's degrees in a number of Korean martial arts.
In 2002, at the invitation of the Kuban State Academy of Physical Culture, master Choi Sung Mo visited Russia, and at the invitation of the Minsk taekwondo club “Olympic” he visited Belarus, and as an honorary guest took part in the 2002 Russian Taekwondo Championship in Syzran. Together with Russian specialists, he prepared a number of publications in Russian on the theory and methodology of teaching Korean martial arts and health systems.
Section I
Introduction
What is Taekwondo
Taekwondo is an ancient Korean martial art that is very popular in the modern world. The number of taekwondo fans exceeds 50 million people. The reason for such a high popularity of this martial arts is that Korean masters were able to combine ancient principles and training methods with the trends of modern sports, which made taekwondo a unique system of self-development and physical education, as well as a very spectacular and dynamic sport.
Purpose of learning Taekwondo
The goal of training and studying taekwondo is to achieve a harmonious unity of physical, mental, spiritual and moral principles in a person. In ancient times, these provisions were formulated in the principles of musul, mue and do.
Musul - this term literally translates as “combat technique” and embodies the principles of taekwondo as a method of real combat interaction and self-defense.
Mue is a martial art. This principle embodies methods of working on oneself, when a student learns to defeat not only the enemy, but also his own shortcomings; through improving taekwondo technique, he improves his will, strives to turn training into a creative process of self-development and self-knowledge.
Before - the path in the context of spiritual and moral education. This principle embodies a person’s desire to understand his true nature, to realize his place in the world and ways of interacting with the world.
Thus, the goal of taekwondo is the comprehensive physical and spiritual education of a person, contributing to the harmonious development of the individual.
History of Taekwondo
The history of taekwondo begins about two thousand years ago, which is confirmed by ancient drawings and images.
At the end of the 1st century BC. e. On the territory of modern Korea there were three states: Goguryeo, Baekje and Sila. It is assumed that already during this period various fighting systems began to form, which served as prototypes of modern taekwondo. In particular, subak, taekken, chharyeok, orenkwon, yusul, etc.
The main historical document reflecting the knowledge of ancient Koreans about martial arts is the treatise “Muetobotongji”, created in 1790 by the outstanding Korean scientist and statesman Lee Dongmu. The treatise contains a description of various systems of combat with weapons, as well as individual methods of fist fighting.
Modern history of taekwondo
The starting point in the history of modern taekwondo can be considered May 26, 1973, when a founding conference was held in Seoul, at which 35 representatives from different countries decided to organize the World Taekwondo Federation. This conference took place during the 1st World Championships, in which 200 athletes from 19 countries participated. The organizer of these competitions was the Korean Taekwondo Association. Representatives of the participating countries and guests of the championship adopted the Charter of the new organization - World Taekwondo Federation (WTF). The headquarters of the new organization became Kukkiwon, the world center of taekwondo. Dr. Kim Un Young was elected president.
From the very beginning, the policy was determined to develop taekwondo as a modern sport with the aim of including it in the program of the Olympic Games. The Olympic Charter is the main document regulating what a sport should be and what an organization developing this sport should be if this sport applies for participation in the Olympics.
Since its creation, all activities of the WTF have been subordinated to ensuring that taekwondo meets all the criteria of the Olympic Charter. Changes were made to the Charter, the structure of the organization was changed, the rules of competitions were revised, protective equipment was introduced for athletes, judges' assessments of equipment were unified and an electronic system for judging competitions was created, and certification requirements for qualifying exams for dans were standardized.
The first international recognition came on October 8, 1975. The International Organization of Sports Federations (GAISF) has recognized the WTF as the organization representing taekwondo in the world. GAISF only recognizes one organization per sport.
In April 1976, WTF Taekwondo was approved as the 23rd official sport by the International Council of Army Sports (CISM).
On July 17, 1980, at the 83rd General Session of the IOC in Moscow, WTF Taekwondo was recognized as a pre-Olympic sport.
In January 1981, the WTF was recognized by the International Council of Sports Science and Physical Education (ICSSPE).
In July 1981, taekwondo first participated in the World Games (Word Games) as an official sport.
In June 1985, it was approved by the IOC Executive Board as a demonstration event at the Olympic Games in Seoul (Korea) in 1988.
In May 1986, the Executive Committee of the International University Sports Federation (FISU) included taekwondo in the program of the World University Championships.
In September 1988, at the Seoul Olympics, taekwondo was presented as a demonstration sport.
In September 1991, taekwondo was included in the program of the 3rd Goodwill Games as an official sport.
In August 1992, taekwondo starts at the Barcelona Olympics as a demonstration event.
In September 1994 in Paris, at the anniversary session of the International Olympic Committee, a unanimous decision was made to include WTF taekwondo in the official program of the Sydney Olympics.
In February 1995, WTF Taekwondo was recognized by the Association of International Summer Olympic Sports Federations (ASOIF).
Today the WTF unites national taekwondo associations, which are grouped into 4 regional unions:
– Asian Taekwondo Union;
– European Taekwondo Union;
– Pan American Taekwondo Union;
– African Taekwondo Union.
Representatives of national associations make up the highest body of the organization - the General Assembly. WTF holds the following tournaments:
– Olympic taekwondo tournament;
– World Taekwondo Championship;
– World Taekwondo Junior Championships;
– Taekwondo World Cup;
– World Taekwondo Championship among students;
– World Taekwondo Championship among military personnel;
– Asian Taekwondo Championship;
– European Taekwondo Championships;
– Pan American Taekwondo Championships;
– African Taekwondo Championship.
In 2003, the World Poomsae Championships will be held for the first time as a demonstration form of taekwondo.
All of the above tournaments, which are organized and sanctioned by the WTF, are held only for representatives of national associations that are members of this world organization. In this way, it is possible to most effectively standardize competitive technique and, accordingly, increase the entertainment value of a sports match.
The first Olympic taekwondo tournament was held from September 27 to 30, 2000 in Sydney (Australia). One hundred athletes competed for medals in 4 weight categories for men (52 participants) and 4 weight categories for women (48 participants). According to statistics published by the National Olympic Committee of Australia, the percentage of tickets sold for this type of competition was 99.9%. Higher rates were only observed in competitions in gymnastics, tennis (100%), track and field and triathlon (99.92%).
To date, the International Olympic Committee has decided to hold competitions in 4 weight categories for men and 4 for women at the next Olympic Games in Athens. The total number of participants is 124 people.
“By developing taekwondo as a sport, we are opening it to the world. Leaving taekwondo only as a martial art would be too simple.” These words from the speech of the WTF President Dr. Kim Un-yong to the participants of the seminar on changing the rules of competition for the next Olympic Games in Athens determine the development trend of taekwondo in modern sports.
Structure of Taekwondo
Modern taekwondo consists of 5 main disciplines, which are integrated into a single training complex:
1. Kibon donjak – basic technique. This is the foundation on which all further skills acquired through hard training are based.
2. Poomsae - special sets of formal exercises that imitate a real fight for life with one or several opponents, from which the one performing the poomsae emerges victorious. The practice of poomsae is based on the implementation of the muye principle - the comprehension of taekwondo as a martial art.
3. Kyorugi - duel. Training in techniques and tactics of fighting.
4. Hosinsul - combat interaction and self-defense. Training in real methods of practical application of taekwondo techniques in various life situations.
5. Kyokpha – demonstration technique. Demonstration of human capabilities that can be developed by practicing taekwondo.
Class form
The taekwondo uniform is called dobok. It shows what kind of sport a person is involved in and what his qualifications are. When we put on our Taekwondo uniform, we accept certain obligations to behave accordingly.
The dobok consists of a jacket, trousers and a belt. The jacket and trousers are made of traditional white taekwondo material, which includes cotton. The sleeve of the jacket should reach the hand; the length of the jacket covers the upper thighs. Pants must cover the ankle. The emblem of the federation or club is usually sewn on the left side of the chest. Other signs and all kinds of decorations on the dobka are unacceptable.
Taekwondo players train barefoot or in special soft slippers (called “sogi” in Korean) that do not cover the ankle joint and allow them to freely perform kicks.
How to tie a belt correctly
How to fold dobok
Section II
Racks
Main racks
Moa sogi.
The feet are brought together. Body weight is distributed on both legs. The body is straight.
Narani sogi.
Feet shoulder width apart. Body weight is distributed on both legs. The body is straight.
Chharyot sogi.
Heels together, toes apart. Body weight is distributed on both legs. The body is straight.
Up cubi.
Up to 60% of the body weight falls on the anterior leg and up to 40% on the posterior leg. The foot of the front leg is directed forward, the foot of the back leg is turned at an angle of 25°. The posterior leg is straightened, the anterior leg is bent at the knee. The distance between the feet is one and a half steps.
Ap sogi.
Represents an ordinary step. Body weight is distributed on both legs. The body is straight.
Cube tweet.
Up to 70% of the body weight falls on the posterior leg and up to 30% on the anterior leg.
The foot of the front leg is directed forward, the foot of the back leg is turned at an angle of 90°.
The distance between the feet is one step.
Chuchum sogi.
The feet are parallel to each other and turned straight forward.
The distance between the feet is one and a half steps.
Knees bent, back straight.
Body weight is distributed on both legs.
Pom sogi.
Up to 90% of the body weight falls on the posterior leg and up to 10% on the anterior leg. The front leg is extended forward and touches the floor with the base of the foot, its shin is perpendicular to the support. The distance between the little toes of both feet is equal to the width of the shoulders. The foot extended forward is turned inward by 25°.
Koa sogi.
Legs crossed and knees slightly bent.
Body weight on the supporting leg.
The foot is on the toe in front.
The body is located directly relative to the plane of the support.
Section III
Kibon Donjak
Studying basic taekwondo techniques involves mastering the basic technical elements of this section of taekwondo and mastering the execution of these elements to the required degree of perfection. This chapter presents 13 basic taekwondo movements, the correct mastery of which is decisive for further study of taekwondo technique.
1. Kibon chunbi sogi.
2. Chuchkhumso momton chirygi.
3. Are makki.
4. Momton pande chirygi.
5. Ap chhagi.
6. Sonnal pakkat chhigi.
7. Momton makki.
8. Yop chagi.
9. Sonnal makki.
10. Olgul makki.
11. Sonnal mokchigi.
12. Tollyo chhagi.
13. Momton paro chirygi.
When learning the 13 basic movements of Taekwondo, it is recommended to divide them into three groups: the first group includes movements 1 through 5, the second group includes movements 6 through 9, and the third group includes movements 10 through 13. Having studied and practiced performing these movements while standing still , continue to practice the technique of movements: forward, backward, left, right.
13 Basic Taekwondo Moves
Kibon chunbi sogi.
"Ready stance"
Feet shoulder-width apart, body weight evenly distributed on both legs.
The body is straight, the fists are slightly pushed forward, the distance between them is about 5–7 cm.
Elbows slightly bent, shoulders relaxed.
Chuchkhum with momton chirygi.
“Direct punches in the chuchum sogi position”
The blow is delivered with a fist from the hip to the target, along the shortest trajectory. When at the hip, the back of the hand should be facing down.
Are makki.
"Bottom block"
The block is performed with the lower part of the forearm, which rotates slightly as it moves down.
The movement starts from the opposite shoulder, with the back of the fist.
In the last phase of the defensive action, the shoulder of the blocking arm is slightly lowered.
Momton pande chirygi.
“Direct blow with the hand of the same name with the leg extended forward in the up cube position”
The free hand should return to its original position in synchronization with the attacking hand.
In the last phase of the blow, the fist must rotate 180° around its axis. The back is straight. At the moment of contact, the fist is extremely clenched.
The fist reaches the target at the moment when the foot, when stepping forward, touches the floor.
Ap chhagi.
"Straight right leg kick"
1. Assume an up cube position.
2. Shift your body weight to your left leg. At the same time, lift the thigh of your right leg up. The foot of the right foot is pointing downwards.
3. Perform a strike with active extension of the right leg. The foot of the right foot is turned with the pads in the direction of striking.
4. Return your leg to the starting position along the impact path and take the up cube position.
Sonnal pakkat chhigi.
« Strike with the edge of the palm from the inside outwards in the tweet kubi position"
The blow is delivered with a sweeping movement of the hand in a circular path. When swinging, the open striking part is brought with the palm to the face over the opposite shoulder, the other hand is extended forward with a fist.
The movement is carried out from the inside out.
Momton macchi.
"Middle block"
The block is performed with the inner part of the forearm. The swing is performed with the arm bent approximately 90° and the body slightly turned out. The outstretched fist is at eye level. The other arm is extended forward.
During the movement of the guard, the blocking arm rotates inward until the back of the forearm is pointed forward.
Yop chagi.
"Kick to the side with your left foot"
1. Take the chuchum sogi position.
2. Shift your body weight to your right leg. At the same time, lift the thigh of your left leg up. Turn the body and foot of your right leg 90°.
3. Perform the kick with active hip extension of the left leg.
Sonnal makki.
“Block with the edge of the palm at the middle level”
The block is performed by simultaneously moving both hands in the same direction. At the beginning of the defensive movement, the blocking hand with the palm turned inward is at face level at the opposite shoulder.
The other hand is at the level of the solar plexus.
When blocking, both arms simultaneously move forward, turning over 180° around their axis.
Olgul makki.
"Upper block"
The block is performed with the outside of the forearm.
The fist of the blocking hand makes a slight upward arc towards the opposite shoulder. At the same time, the free hand falls to the thigh.
At shoulder level, the forearm begins to turn with the outer side up.
In the final position, the fist is in line with the opposite shoulder.
Sonnal mokchigi.
“Strike with the edge of the palm from the outside in”
The blow is performed with the inner edge of the palm.
The swing is performed with the arm bent 90° and the body slightly turned out.
The other arm is extended forward.
The hand describes a quarter circle inward.
In the final position, the edge of the palm turned inward should be at neck level.
Tollyo chhagi.
"Side kick with right leg"
1. Assume the tweet cube position.
2. Shift your body weight to your left leg.
At the same time, lift the thigh of your right leg up and forward. Turn the body and foot of your left leg 90°.
3. Perform the strike with an active forward movement of the pelvis and extension of the right leg.
4. Return to the starting position along the impact path.
Momton paro chirygi.
« Direct blow with an opposite hand relative to the forward leg.”
The blow is delivered with a fist from the hip to the target, along the shortest trajectory. When located at the hip, the back of the hand is directed downward.
The free hand should return to its original position in synchronization with the attacking hand.
In the last phase of the blow, the fist must rotate 180° around its axis.
The back is straight. At the moment of contact, the fist is extremely clenched.
The fist reaches the target at the moment when the foot touches the floor when stepping forward.
Section IV
Poomsae
General characteristics of Poomsae
Throughout the historical development of taekwondo, repeated repetition of technical actions has been the main method of training, allowing to consolidate the technique in memory, uniting the body and psyche of the student.
Poomsae taekwondo is strictly regulated exercises, which are combinations of defense and attack techniques (poomsae donjak), performed along certain trajectories (poomsae son) and in a precisely established sequence and simulating a real fight for life with several opponents, from which the performer of poomsae emerges victorious.
Poomsae is a universal method of specialized training and can be considered as a means of teaching and further improving taekwondo techniques, a means of physical and psychological training, a means of expert assessment of a student’s preparedness, and also as a type of competitive activity.
Poomse can rightfully be classified as a means of integral self-development of the individual, since maximum manifestation of physical and technical qualities can be achieved only by entering a certain psycho-emotional state.
When studying Poomsae, you must comply with the following basic requirements:
1. Gaze technique (sison).
While performing poomsae, it is necessary to observe an imaginary opponent, while the gaze should express determination, show that the fighter is in a state of maximum mental mobilization - zhongsim.
2. Control over the center of balance.
Loss of balance when performing poomsae is identified with a loss of combat effectiveness and the inability to effectively apply taekwondo techniques adequately to the combat situation that has arisen.
3. Control over the power distribution of efforts.
In each poomsae, the distribution of the power of effort when performing attacking and defensive movements is determined by the poomsae “scenario”, which pursues certain training goals and is based on the principles of “musul” - the art of combat, which has been formed over centuries in real combat conditions. Each poomsae has its own scenario, which is characterized by:
– A certain number of types of programmed conflict situations.
– A certain number of imaginary opponents, the expected level of their preparedness and the complexity of the arsenal of combat operations they use. It is conventionally assumed that the imaginary opponents attacking the poomsae performer are the same height as him and are located exactly in front, to the side or behind him. Therefore, the performer, performing strikes in a certain sector, seems to strike it in his own mirror image.
– The complexity and consistency of performing real and encrypted technical techniques used against the actions of each of the imaginary opponents.
– The complexity of the tactical and psychological principles underlying the application of technical techniques of this poomsae.
– A drawing of the trajectory of movement in a given poomsae (poomsaesong).
The distribution of force power when performing movements in various poomsae is based on the following principles:
1) The most powerful efforts should be developed when performing strikes with kihap, that is, with the combination of maximum physical and mental efforts when performing the action. It is believed that when performing kicks with kihap, a supermaximal effort must be developed, exceeding the maximum one hundred percent physical effort. According to the scenario, the poomsae performer strikes an imaginary opponent with a kihap and kills him.
2) The next most powerful efforts developed, after the strikes performed with kihap, are the finishing strikes performed at the end of the poomsaesong trajectories. These strikes are performed with maximum, one hundred percent physical effort and concentration of maximum physical force in the final phase of the striking action. According to the scenario, the person performing poomsae with such a blow must hit his opponent, i.e., put him in a state of stable, long-term loss of ability to move and orientation for a while until the fight ends. This is necessary because after striking the poomsae performer must, in order to continue the fight, turn his back or side to this imaginary opponent, who must therefore be neutralized.
3) When performing single strikes or the final strike in a series of strikes (with the exception of strikes, the execution of which is described in paragraphs 1 and 2), it is necessary to develop a force of at least 75–80% of the maximum. The purpose of these blows is to shock the enemy - a short-term loss of his ability to move and orientation, and blocks - to immobilize him, i.e., loss of the ability to actively move as a result of receiving a severe injury to the striking limb. In other words, the purpose of these actions is to briefly deprive the enemy of combat capability for subsequent careful aiming and delivery of a damaging blow.
4) When performing strikes preceding the final strike, in a series of strikes, as well as defensive blocks, a force of no more than 50–60% of the maximum is usually developed. The purpose of these strikes is to stun the enemy - a short-term loss of his ability to orient himself, which does not require great physical strength, but accuracy and significant speed of the striking action, which will deprive the enemy of the ability to react to the attack in a timely manner and create the opportunity to proceed to the final attacking action.
4. Control of tempo-rhythm.
The tempo-rhythmic pattern of performing each poomsae is unique. It depends on the level of technical and physical preparedness of the poomsae performer, his psycho-emotional state at the moment, on the depth of his understanding of the general principles of taekwondo and knowledge of the various options for the combat use of each movement of this poomsae. The technique of performing poomsae should be based on a meaningful combination of fast and slow movements, rhythmic pauses between them.
Most poomsae involve performing a certain number of encrypted elements, which are indicated by pauses when performing poomsae. The time of regulated pauses is also determined by the power of previous efforts developed when performing certain types of strikes and defensive blocks and the type of mental mobilization.
Typically, the longest pause follows after performing the last poomsae movement before returning to Chunbi hour (ready position for the start of hostilities).
After an attacking action performed with kihap, there is a pause. The expenditure of physical and mental energy when performing strikes with kihap is maximum, therefore, more time will be required for urgent physical rehabilitation and mental mobilization after performing such a strike, and, therefore, the pause between a strike with kihap and the subsequent action lasts longer than after a strike without kihap.
After performing the final attacking action without kihap at the end of any of the poomsaesong trajectories or after performing a defensive block without a subsequent strike, which, however, is necessarily implied, a pause follows.
There is a pause between powerful strikes performed on one imaginary opponent, or between a powerful defensive block and a subsequent strike. This is explained by the fact that powerful blocks deprive the enemy of stability and can even throw him some distance, so a short pause serves as a way to assess the changed distance to the imaginary enemy and select the target of the strike.
There is no pause between the execution of a “light” defensive block and the subsequent strike, or between strikes performed on one imaginary opponent in the form of a pre-planned series, since strikes aimed at stunning the enemy do not require great physical effort.
5. Breathing control.
In taekwondo, as in other types of martial arts, great importance is attached to observing the principles of proper breathing, which is considered the most important source of vital ki energy for a fighter. Undoubtedly, proper breathing is the main mechanism of the body's resistance to fatigue and, as a result, the basis of effectiveness in battle, that is, the speed of reaction, the speed and strength of blows and blocks, and the ability to conduct an effective battle for significant periods of time depend on it. In taekwondo, the so-called “lower” diaphragmatic breathing is used, that is, the lower half of the lungs, which has a larger volume than the upper half, is mainly involved in the breathing act. Depending on the combat interaction, two breathing methods are used: the “three-quarter” breathing method and the “two-quarter” breathing method. The principle of these methods is that the fighter does not inhale completely, leaving a reserve supply of air in the lungs, necessary for the uninterrupted supply of oxygen to intense muscle activity. If the intensity of combat interaction is average, then the “three-quarter” breathing method is used, that is, only 3/4 of the volume of air is exhaled, and then inhalation follows. At high intensity of combat interaction, the “two-quarter” breathing method is used - only half the volume of air is exhaled.
Each poomsae has its own original spirogram, directly related to tempo-rhythm and distribution of effort, and is based on the following principles:
1. Any blow or block in poomsae is performed while exhaling. As a rule, inhalation is carried out through the mouth and can be carried out sharply and continuously, for example, when striking with kihap, or gradually and “in portions”, for example, when performing a series of blocks and strikes. When performing strikes and blocks, exhalation is followed by a short breath hold associated with muscle tension in the final phase of the movement, and then exhalation continues again. When exhaling, the tip of the tongue presses against the alveoli of the lower teeth.
2. Inhalation is always through the nose. Usually, the inhalation is done sharply and quickly before performing a block or strike, but sometimes, when making slow movements in some poomsae, the inhalation is done slowly, simultaneously with the movement. When inhaling, the tip of the tongue presses against the alveoli of the upper teeth.
3. As a rule, all attacking and defensive actions performed against one imaginary opponent are performed with one exhalation, regardless of their number, and inhalation before starting actions against the next imaginary opponent. This is due to the fact that when you inhale, the muscles of the torso relax somewhat, and if, during combat interaction, the enemy strikes back at the moment you inhale, then, in the event of a hit, the effectiveness of this blow will increase sharply.
Attention! This is an introductory fragment of the book.
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Kicks themselves are the most powerful both in the basic technique and in this martial arts in general. Their advantages are strength and long distance. Name of kicks in taekwondo It’s difficult to remember the first time, however, if this is your sport, start memorizing.
Basic kicks in taekwondo
It is not at all surprising that everything names of kicks in taekwondo in Korean. It was the Koreans who founded the discipline and defined the terminology. First, let's study those basic kicks in taekwondo, which are most often used in poomsae and fights. By the way, taekwondo terminology calls them fingers. Punches In taekwondo, Korean masters call them chirugi. hit.
Palchagi
All finger kicks can be divided into: swings, strikes and changing the position of the legs. So, swing:
- Up ollig - foot forward;
- An ollig - foot from outside to inside;
- Bakkat ollig - kick from inside to outside;
Kicks performed with legs:
- Up-palm - standing foot in front;
- Tit-finger - with a standing leg behind;
- Ap-chagi - straight leg forward;
- Dolio-chagi - foot on the side, lateral;
- Yop-chagi - leg sideways, straight;
- Nerio-chagi - foot from top to bottom;
- Ti-Dvit (tweet)-chagi - straight leg with a turn;
- Sevo an-chagi - with the foot on the side, the “vertical” foot on the side of the big toe;
- Hurio (Furio)-chagi - with a circular leg;
- Thorn (tyo tirro dora) dolio-chagi - side leg with a turn through the back (180 degrees);
- Miru-chagi - pushing, straight leg;
- Palchagi set-bon dari - combinations of three strikes in a bunch;
- Modumbal - technique of delivering two strikes in one jump;
- Dubaldan (two) - a technique of delivering two strikes in one jump with a step.
And, changing the position of the legs is called Palbacco.
Considering that the technique of kicking and knee strike in particular, this is the main highlight of taekwondo; Korean martial arts simply has no competitors here. Without a doubt, this is a bright spectacle. Students of the Korean Kukkiwon Taekwondo Academy demonstrate colorful knockouts at competitions using kicks. They use:
- Nerio-chags are blows to the head or chest, the so-called “axe” blow. It is performed from top to bottom with the heel or the entire foot.
- Dvit-chagi is kick most often on the body, but maybe on the head. The strike is carried out from behind with a heel turn.
- Dolio-chagi - a blow to the body or head. This is a circular kick with the instep of the foot. It is used most often (like the jab in boxing).
- Mom-dolio-chagi - the famous spinner kick. Almost always applied in a jump that enhances it. Not only effective, but also very entertaining.
Well. Of course, one cannot help but dwell separately on the mega-popular “Tornado” among the people. Name of beats always describe the action as best as possible. This also applies to Tornado. Difficult to do, but sure to get the hang of it if you stick to the basics martial arts together with us. Just one phone call and you'll master it kicks in taekwondo, become the “master of the tornado.”
5 principles of taekwondo honesty perseverance self-control steadfastness
To understand the philosophy of taekwondo, you need to completely immerse yourself in the age-old eastern wisdom, let it pass through yourself, and realize it. Only then will you understand what they mean 5 principles of taekwondo: honesty, perseverance, self-control, steadfastness.
Honesty
A person must not only distinguish truth from lies, he must sincerely feel remorse if he is wrong. Honesty is the first principles.
Perseverance
Second, persistence leads to purification and perfection. It is this quality of an athlete that helps to achieve the goal of providing peace to one’s home. You can become a taekwondo master only by applying perseverance and overcoming all the difficulties that arise along the way.
Self-control
Self-control is equally important. And not only in the gym, but also in everyday life. Losing self-control has serious consequences for both the fighter and his opponent.
Steadfastness
As for steadfastness, it should always accompany a fighter. And, no matter how many opponents there are in front of him, if he is honest, sincere and defends justice, he has no right to retreat.
The fifth principle of taekwondo
5 principles of taekwondo honesty perseverance self-control steadfastness tacitly contain one more, although not written, rule - courtesy. Courtesy includes mutual respect, the ability to put up with the shortcomings of others, to behave honestly and openly with others, to be ashamed of one’s bad habits, to be polite, fair and humane.
All this can only be learned over time. Sign up for our classes and, along with training in taekwondo techniques, you will come to understand the great eastern wisdom.
There are many martial arts: jujutsu, hapkido, kung fu, Muay Thai, taekwondo... They all have two principles in common: they are combat-oriented and dependent on physical condition. Endurance, strength, flexibility are closely related in martial arts. However, speed, agility and coordination are also important components of martial arts that you can train outside of your gym.
“Speed training is 90% psychological. Or maybe 99%,” says La Tourrette. This psychological approach to training seems to have produced results for the 50-year-old karate instructor from Medford, Oregon. It was officially recorded that he was able to do 16.5 kicks in one second, and he claims that his students can do it even faster. Following a 12 step program to increase your hitting speed.
1. LEARN BY WATCHING EXPERTS.“If a person wants to become a fast runner, all he has to do is go out of his house, find a fast runner of his age, strength and body physiology, and study his movements, doing exactly what he does,” says La Tourrette .
2. USE SMOOTH, FLUID STROKES. The smooth technique of Chinese-style punches has much greater explosive power than traditional reverse punches in karate and boxing, says La Tourrette, because... the impact speed is generated by the impulse. You can train your brain and nervous system to strike quickly. To achieve this, perform a "smooth" exercise consisting of a sequence of movements, starting with three to four strokes at a time. Once you begin to perform this combination automatically, add a little more movements, then a little more, until your subconscious mind learns to link each individual movement into one flow, like a waterfall. After some time, you will be able to do 15-20 complete movements in one second or even less.
3. USE FOCUSED AGGRESSION. You must learn to instantly go from a passive state to a state of combat readiness in order to attack before he can predict your actions. Any doubts about your ability to protect yourself should be eradicated through mental preparation before you get into a stressful situation.
The reaction time to any action is divided into three phases - perception, decision and action - which together take approximately a sixth of a second. You should perceive information and make appropriate decisions in a relaxed state, so as not to give a hint to the enemy about your subsequent actions. Once you're focused, you can launch an attack so quickly that your opponent won't even have time to blink.
To perform this type of attack correctly, you must be absolutely confident in your correctness and ability to act correctly, otherwise you will lose. As La Tourrette himself puts it, “Damn, don’t cook the rice.” You must be aggressive and confident in your skill. Self-confidence should be born in a fight with a real opponent to a greater extent than when performing a kata where you attack an imaginary opponent.
You must also maintain a constant state of readiness, attentiveness, observe the events taking place around you, and be ready at any time, in case of danger, to realize potential power. This special physical, psychological and emotional state can be mastered by any person, but only in conditions of direct comfort with the enemy.
Once you have reached this level of preparation, analyze and try to categorize the sensations you have. Later, in a duel, you can retrieve the experience gained from your memory, which will give you a clear advantage over your opponent. Ask yourself the following questions: What actually distracts me? Could there be a distance between me and the enemy? Or his undisguised anger towards me? His way of expressing himself? How does this psychological state affect me? What sensations am I experiencing? What did I look like? What was my facial expression? What muscles were tense? Which ones are relaxed? What did I tell myself while in this state? (It would be best if you didn’t “mutter” something to yourself). What mental images did I have? What was I visually focused on?
After you find the answers to the questions asked, reproduce the situation again, try to make the sensations, surroundings and sounds clearly appear in your brain again. Repeat this over and over again until you are able to put yourself into this mental state at any time.
4. USE READY-MADE RACKS THAT CAN GIVE YOU CHOICE. One of the secrets to Wallace's success was that from one single foot position he could instantly execute a side kick, a spin kick, and a reverse spin kick with equal accuracy. In short, your stance should give you the ability to slash, claw, elbow, push, or hammer, depending on your opponent's actions.
Use the fighting technique that you feel suits you best. Learn to take a position from which you only need to make a small movement to move from one target to another. Selecting a natural (natural) fighting position eliminates the need for choosing a stance and allows you to catch your opponent by surprise. And a puzzled enemy is already half defeated.
5. BEWARE OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ONE DEATH Blow. This conclusion is rule number one. Your initial attack should be a three-hit sequence even if the first hit was able to stop the opponent. The first hit is the “appetizer”, the second is the main “dish”, and the third is the “dessert”. “While the unsuspecting opponent is preparing for a direct strike or a kick with the back leg,” says La Tourrette, “you can blind him with a slap to the eyes, a punch to the temple with your left hand, a blow to the other temple with your right elbow. Then you can hit him in the jaw with your right elbow and in the eyes with your left hand. Drop into a kneeling position and strike your opponent's groin with your right fist and strike your opponent's eyes with two fingers of your left hand. That's the end of this story."
6. USE VISUALIZATION EXERCISES. When doing punching speed exercises, you should think that you are hitting at the speed you want. “If you can't see, you can't do it,” says La Tourrette. Such psychological preparation largely complements physical preparation.
Visualization is not as difficult as many people think. Try this experiment: Stop right now and describe the color of your car. Then an orange. Then your best friend. How did you manage to describe everything? You IMAGINED them. What many people don't know is that they often create "images" in their minds on a subconscious level. The part of the brain that is responsible for creating and reproducing images can be finely tuned even if they are not used to accessing it.
Once you have learned to imagine yourself in a real combat situation, try to see and feel that your actions are achieving the targets you have chosen. Feel that your bent knees add power to your punches. Feel the impact of your foot on the ball as you hit it, etc….
7. IDENTIFY OPEN TARGETS. To learn how to identify open targets and predict enemy actions, you need to train with a real enemy. A sense of synchronicity can be achieved by repeating attacks over and over again until you are confident that you can use it in real combat.
One of the reasons that boxers have such good punching speed is that they practice their technique thousands of times in sparring. And when a goal appears in front of them, they don’t think, they ACT. This subconscious skill can be easily acquired, but there is no shortcut to achieving it. You must practice again and again until your actions become instinctive.
8. DO NOT “TELEGRAPH” YOUR ACTIONS. It doesn't matter how fast you are, because... if your opponent has predicted your actions, you are no longer fast enough. Believe it or not, it is harder for your opponent to see a punch coming at eye level than a round kick coming from the side.
The hook punch (not the circle punch, but the hook kick) requires a lot more movement and is much easier to block. In a word, a correctly executed blow to the bridge of the nose can hit the enemy before he realizes that you hit him. Above all, do not give away your intentions by clenching your fists, moving your shoulder, or taking a deep breath before throwing a punch.
Once you have mastered the physical structure of the exercise technique, practice taking advantage of the person's perceptual limitations by attempting to position yourself to limit your opponent's ability to predict and see your actions. This skill takes a lot of practice, but once you master it, you will be able to attack your opponent with almost impunity.
9. USE CORRECT BREATHING TECHNIQUES. During a fight, many athletes hold their breath, which causes great harm to themselves. The body becomes tense, as a result of which the speed and strength of your strikes decreases, also, shouting a loud Kiai while performing a technique even harms you, because dampens your momentum. The key to increasing the speed of your punches is that you must exhale in accordance with your punches.
10. KEEP IN GOOD PHYSICAL FIT. Flexibility, strength and endurance are essential in self-defense, even though most street fights last seconds. If your body is both flexible and relaxed, you will be able to strike from almost any angle, hitting high and low targets without awkwardly changing stances. The strength of your legs is also extremely important. The stronger your legs are, the stronger your punch will be and the faster you can close the distance between you and your opponent. It is important to increase arm and forearm strength through resistance training and specialized hitting exercises. The exercises will help you strengthen your palms and wrists and improve your accuracy and penetration.
11. BE PERSISTENT. You should make a commitment to yourself to try to increase your swing speed three times a week for 20-30 minutes. Be prepared for the fact that there will inevitably be times when you feel like you're not making much progress.
Most people experience five levels of feelings of progress or lack of visible results during training.
There is “unconscious incompetence” (literally, when you are not aware of the problem and how to solve it). This is the point when you realize that your knowledge and skill are insufficient, and you begin to look for ways to solve the problem. "Unconscious incompetence" means that you can perform new exercises only when your attention is extremely focused.
This is the most difficult stage of orientation, and it seems to you that it will last for an eternity. The process of transforming consciousness into reflexive action takes approximately 3000 to 5000 repetitions. "Unconscious incompetence" is the only level of mastery where true speed becomes achievable. While you learn to react instinctively. This level can only be achieved through thousands of repetitions of the technique. Most people are in this reflexive or automatic mental state when they drive their car, which allows them to react to road hazards with unconscious composure, without thinking about how to change gears or apply the brake. You will not be able to increase the speed of your strikes until your basic movements are based on reflexes. The final stage of mastery is “the awareness of your unconscious incompetence,” a point that only a few people have been able to achieve in all time.
12. KEEP A NATURAL, RELAXED, BALANCED STANCE. The best fighting stance is the one that doesn't look like a fighting stance. As the legendary Japanese sword master Musashi Miyamoto aptly noted, “Your fighting stance becomes your everyday stance, and your everyday stance becomes your fighting stance.” You must know exactly what techniques you can apply from each position, and you must be able to perform them naturally, without hesitation or changing stances.
Practice these 12 principles every day for 20 minutes. After a month of training, you will improve a new, crushing speed. La Tourrette says, “There are no naturally fast fighters. Everyone had to train, just like you. The more diligently you train, the less vulnerable you are in battle.”
Video: Exercises to develop speed, accuracy and height of kicks
Theoretical questions for 10th Gyp
(White belt- a blank sheet of paper hiding snow on the ground);
- What is the name of the sport you play? (TAEKWONDO).
2. What is TAEKWONDO? (Korean martial art and Olympic sport.)
3. What does TAEKWONDO mean? (“THE” - leg, or kick; “KWON” - fist, or punch;
“BEFORE” - The Path of Knowledge or the Path of ARM AND LEGS)
4.What is the name of the form in which you practice? (DOBOK)
5.What is the name of the belt in Korean? (TI)
- What is the name of the hall in Korean? (DOJAN)
- What is the name of the flag in Korean? (KUG KI)
8. What do you call your trainer (instructor)? (SABONIM) - What is KIHAP? (Combat energy cry “HECHE” or “HECH”)
10. Why is the KIHAP battle cry performed? (To give strength and confidence to movements. The battle cry is also a form of psychological attack.)
11. What does bow mean in TAEKWONDO? (Bow is a Korean form of greeting.)
12. What does the bow command sound like in Korean? (KYONE)
13. Why do you practice TAEKWONDO? (For physical and spiritual improvement, acquiring knowledge and skills in the “art of using legs and arms.” We want to become an outstanding example for others. (Your options are possible).
14. Why are you taking the TAEKWONDO exam? (We take exams to increase our confidence by demonstrating knowledge in a stressful environment, and also to allow the examiner to determine our qualifications and allow us to compete in TAEKWONDO competitions.)
1 – khan
2 – crown
3 – set
4 – net
5 – dasot
6 – yosot
7 – ilhop
8 – iodol
9 – achop
10 – Yule
What are straight leg swings called in Korean: Straight, in an arc, inward? (BAL OL LEAGUE, BAL-DOL-LEAGI, AN BAL DOL LEAGUE)
Theoretical questions for 9 GYP
(White belt with yellow stripe)
Note:
Theoretical questions from 10th gypa.
1. What levels of the human body are used for attack? (Olgul-Upper (above the collarbone) – MOMTOM-middle (from the waist to the collarbone), ARE-lower (below the waist)
2. What does the color of the student’s belt indicate? (This is an indicator of his skill.)
3. What are the three main basic principles of TAEKWONDO to remember? (Correct look, good balance, loud battle cry KIHAP.)
4.What is the name of the student's PHUMSE for a white belt? (KIBON IL JAN)
5.What commandments of TAEKWONDO do you know?
Answers:
-Be loyal to your country.
-Be a good son/daughter to your parents.
-Be a good example for your brothers and sisters.
-Be loyal to your friends.
-Respect elders.
-Trust your teachers and respect them.
-Never refuse a fight.
-Always finish what you start.
6.What is the name of a forward kick in Korean? (AP-CHUGS)
7.What is the name for an inward circular kick in Korean? (DOLIO-CHAGI)
8.What is the name of Fist in Korean? (JUMOK)
9.What is the name of the student's degree in Korean (from 10 to 1st) in TAEKWONDO; (GYP)
- What does the command "HECHYO" mean? (BREAK UP)
- What is a double punch called? (DUBON JUMOK JERUGI)
- What is the name of a triple punch and what “kihap” should you shout when doing it? ( SEBON JUMOK JERUGI, TAE KWON DO).
- What is the name of the rider's stance in TAEKWONDO and what is the distance from the foot to the athlete's foot? (JUCHUM SOGI, 3rd feet of an athlete)
Theoretical questions 8 gip
(Yellow belt-birth, hatching sprout)
Note: Theoretical questions from 10th grade + 9th grade.
1.What does the symbolism of Daeguk Il Jang mean? (The symbolism of Taeguk Il Jang means clarity and activity, the beginning of creation. In this poomsa, an understanding of taekwondo is formed and a basis is created for revealing the personal abilities of the practitioner.)
2.What does the command sound like in Korean? (CHARYOT)
- What do the commands “STAND UP” and “SIT DOWN” sound like in Korean? (IRSOT, ANDYA)
- What does the command “GET READY” sound like in Korean? (CHUMBI)
- What does the command “TURN TURN” sound like in Korean? (TIRO DORA)
6.What are the numerals and ordinal numbers in Korean?
7.What is “Dodyang”? (SPARING AREA)
- What is the fighting stance called in taekwondo? (KURAGI SOGI)
1st poomsae terminology
Taeguk il jan - Poomsae No. 1
Racks
Blocks
Hand strikes
Kicks
Up chagi - Forward kick
Theoretical questions 7 GYP
(YELLOW BELT WITH GREEN STRIPE)
Note:
Theoretical questions from 10th grade + 9th grade + 8th grade.
1.What are the five spiritual principles in TAEKWONDO?
1) Courtesy.
2) Honesty.
3) Persistence.
4) Self-control.
5) Perseverance.
2. Why is it necessary to practice basic technique and PHUMSE?
(PUMSE and basic techniques must be practiced to achieve coordination, agility, skill in TAEKWONDO. Practicing these sections of TAEKWONDO builds confidence and concentration.)
3. Why is stretching necessary in TAEKWONDO? (Stretching creates flexibility, promotes agility and good health. In TAEKWONDO, flexibility allows you to develop greater strength and speed of the techniques performed, as well as expand the range of areas of the opponent’s body that are affected.)
5.What does the symbolism of Taeguk Yi Jang mean? (It means joy and fun. Taeguk Yi Jang reflects, along with composure and steadfastness, also an energetic manifestation of confidence and strength. Poomsae is performed calmly, slowly, balanced but energetic.)
- What is the name of a kick that pushes with the entire foot? (MIRO CHAGI)
- What 3 federations are there in TAEKWONDO? (WTF - WORLD TAEKWONDO FEDERATION, ITF - INTERNATIONAL TAEKWONDO FEDERATION, GTF - GLOBAL TAEKWONDO FEDERATION)
Terminology of 1st and 2nd poomsae:
Taeguk il jan - Poomsae No. 1
Taeguk and Jan - Poomsae No. 2
Racks:
Charyot sogi - Standing at attention
Jumbi Sogi - Get Ready Stance
Up Sogi - Narrow A-pillar
Up Cubi - Wide A-pillar
Blocks:
Are palmok makki - Lower level block
Momtom an palmok makki - Middle level block inward
Olgul palmok makki - Upper level block
Hand strikes:
Pande jirugi - Fist strike of the same name
Baro jirugi - Various punch
Kicks:
Up chagi - Forward kick
Theoretical questions 6 GYP
(GREEN BELT-youth, beginning of growth)
Note:
Theoretical questions from 10 gyp + 9 gyp + 8 gyp + 7 gyp.
1.What does the symbolism of Daeguk Sam Jang mean? (The sign of Taeguk Sam Jang is a flame. It symbolizes the desire to direct the fire deeply hidden in each of us onto a fruitful path. Poomsae is very mobile and diverse.)
- What is "HOSHIN-SUL"? (self-defense technique)
3.What is “KYOK PA”? (breaking objects)
4. In what year was TAEKWONDO included in the Olympic Games program and in which city? (2000, Sydney)
- What protection is needed for sparring in TAEKWONDO? (JELLET(HOGU);HELMET(MORI BOKHODE) ;
SHIN SHIELDS (DARI BOKHODE); FOREARM SHIELDS (PHAL BOKHODE);
BANDAGE PROTECTING GROIN (NAM SON BOKHODE); GLOVES FOR HANDS; DROP IN MOUTH - What is the name of the edge of the palm in Korean? (Sonnal)
- What is the name of a wide stance in which the weight is distributed 70% on the back leg and 30% on the front? (DVIT KUBI)
- What is the name of the chopping overhead kick? (NERIO CHAGI)
- What are the fingertips called in Korean? (SON KYT)
Terminology of 1st, 2nd and 3rd poomsae:
Taeguk il jan - Poomsae No. 1
Taeguk and Jan - Poomsae No. 2
Taeguk sam jan - Poomsae No. 3
Racks:
Charyot sogi - Standing at attention
Jumbi Sogi - Get Ready Stance
Up Sogi - Narrow A-pillar
Up Cubi - Wide A-pillar
Dvit kubi - Wide stance with the center of gravity shifted to the back foot
Blocks:
Are palmok makki - Lower level block
Momtom an palmok makki - Middle level block (inside)
Olgul palmok makki - Upper level block
Khan sonnal momtom yop makki - Middle level side block
Hand strikes:
Pande jirugi - Fist strike of the same name
Baro jirugi - Various punch
Dubon Jiruga - Double punch
Kicks:
Up chagi - Forward kick