Where is it 2 o'clock now? How many time zones are there in Russia? Time zones of Russian cities

Current information on time zones of major cities of the Russian Federation. The time zone for each major city in Russia is presented in alphabetical order for quick search.

Time zone of Abakan UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Anadyr UTC +12:00 - MSK +09:00
Time zone of Anapa UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Angarsk UTC +08:00 - MSK +05:00
Time zone of Armavir UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Arkhangelsk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Barnaul UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Belgorod UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Biysk UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Birobidzhan UTC +10:00 - MSK +07:00
Time zone of Blagoveshchensk UTC +09:00 - MSK +06:00
Time zone of Bratsk UTC +08:00 - MSK +05:00
Time zone of Bryansk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Veliky Novgorod UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Vladivostok UTC +10:00 - MSK +07:00
Time zone of Vladikavkaz UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Vladimir UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Volgograd UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Volzhsky UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Vologda UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Vorkuta UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Voronezh UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Gatchina UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Gorno-Altaisk UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Grozny UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Dmitrov UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Yekaterinburg UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Essentuki UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Ivanovo UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Izhevsk UTC +04:00 - MSK +01:00
Time zone of Irkutsk UTC +08:00 - MSK +05:00
Time zone of Yoshkar-Ola UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Kazan UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Kaliningrad UTC +02:00 - MSK -01:00
Time zone of Kaluga UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Kemerovo UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Kirov UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Kislovodsk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Kolomna UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Komsomolsk-on-Amur UTC +10:00 - MSK +07:00
Time zone of Korolev UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Kostroma UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Krasnodar UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Krasnoyarsk UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Kurgan UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Kursk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Kyzyl UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Lipetsk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Magadan UTC +11:00 - MSK +08:00
Time zone of Magas UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Magnitogorsk UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Maykop UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Makhachkala UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Mineralnye Vody UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Mirny UTC +09:00 - MSK +06:00
Time zone Moscow UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Murmansk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Murom UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Naberezhnye Chelny UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Nalchik UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Naryan-Mar UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Nakhodka UTC +10:00 - MSK +07:00
Time zone of Nizhnevartovsk UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Nizhnekamsk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Nizhny Novgorod UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Nizhny Tagil UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Novokuznetsk UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Novorossiysk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Novosibirsk UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Novy Urengoy UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Norilsk UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Oymyakon UTC +10:00 - MSK +07:00
Time zone of Omsk UTC +06:00 - MSK +03:00
Time zone of Orel UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Orenburg UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Orsk UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Penza UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Pereslavl-Zalessky UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Perm UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Petrozavodsk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky UTC +12:00 - MSK +09:00
Time zone of Pskov UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Pyatigorsk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Rostov Veliky UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Rostov-on-Don UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Ryazan UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Salekhard UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Samara UTC +04:00 - MSK +01:00
Time zone of St. Petersburg UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Saransk UTC +03:00 - MSK +01:00
Time zone of Saratov UTC +04:00 - MSK +01:00
Time zone of Sevastopol UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Sergiev Posad UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Simferopol UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Smolensk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Sochi UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Srednekolymsk UTC +11:00 - MSK +08:00
Time zone of Stavropol UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Stary Oskol UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Sterlitamak UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Suzdal UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Surgut UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Syktyvkar UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Taganrog UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Tambov UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Tver UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Tobolsk UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Tolyatti UTC +04:00 - MSK +01:00
Time zone of Tomsk UTC +07:00 - MSK +04:00
Time zone of Tula UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Tyumen UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Uglich UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Ulan-Ude UTC +08:00 - MSK +05:00
Time zone of Ulyanovsk UTC +04:00 - MSK +01:00
Time zone of Ufa UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Khabarovsk UTC +10:00 - MSK +07:00
Time zone of Khanty-Mansiysk UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Cheboksary UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Chelyabinsk UTC +05:00 - MSK +02:00
Time zone of Cherepovets UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Cherkessk UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Chita UTC +09:00 - MSK +06:00
Time zone of Elista UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00
Time zone of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk UTC +11:00 - MSK +08:00
Time zone of Yakutsk UTC +09:00 - MSK +06:00
Time zone of Yaroslavl UTC +03:00 - MSK +00:00

Time zones of Russian cities

Russian cities are located in 11 time zones. There is no transition to DST summer time in the Russian Federation. For train schedules throughout the country, Moscow time MSK is used, therefore, along with UTC, the time difference with MSK is widely used in Russia.

UTC+02:00 The Kaliningrad time zone includes the westernmost region, called the Kaliningrad region.
UTC+03:00 The Moscow time zone (MSK) is the most populous, covering 50 federal subjects in the European part of Russia. Famous tourist destinations such as Moscow, St. Petersburg and the ancient cities of the Golden Ring are located here.
UTC+04:00 The Samara time zone covers 4 regions: Samara region, Astrakhan region, Ulyanovsk region and Udmurtia.
UTC+05:00 The Ekaterinburg time zone consists of 9 federal subjects located east of the Ural Mountains.
UTC+06:00 The Omsk time zone includes 1 region of southwestern Siberia: Omsk region.
UTC+07:00 The Krasnoyarsk time zone covers 8 regions in the south of Siberia: Novosibirsk region, Tomsk region, Kemerovo region, Krasnoyarsk region, Altai region, Altai Republic, Khakassia Republic, Tyva Republic.
UTC+08:00 The Irkutsk time zone includes 2 federal subjects in the southeastern part of Siberia around the famous Lake Baikal.
UTC+09:00 The Yakut time zone extends throughout the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Amur Region and the western part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
UTC+10:00 The time zone of Vladivostok covers 4 regions in the Far East and in the central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
UTC+11:00 The Magadan time zone includes the western part of Sakha (Yakutia), the Sakhalin region and all of the Northern Kuril Islands.
UTC+12:00 The Kamchatka time zone covers the easternmost regions of Russia, called Chukotka and Kamchatka Krai, bordering Alaska (USA) and Japan.

Current time in Russian cities:

Standard time is a system of counting time based on dividing the Earth's surface into 24 time zones, every 15° in longitude. Time within the same time zone is considered the same. In 1884, at the International Conference it was decided to apply this system. In accordance with the international agreement of 1883, the prime ("zero") meridian is considered to be the one that passes through the Greenwich Observatory in the suburbs of London. Local Greenwich Time (GMT), agreed to be called Universal Time or "World Time"

On the territory of Russia, since March 28, 2010, there are 9 time zones (before that there were 11 time zones). The Samara region and Udmurtia switched to Moscow time (second time zone). Kemerovo region. (Kuzbass) - to Omsk (MCK+3). Kamchatka Territory and Chukotka - to Magadanskoye (MSK+8). In these five subjects of the Federation, on March 28, 2010, the clock hands were not moved.

Two belts are being abolished - the third (Samara, MSK+1) and the eleventh (Kamchatka, MSK+9). There are 9 of them in total, and the maximum time range in our country is reduced from 10 to 9 hours.

In Russia, since March 2011, after the transition to summer time, the clock hands are no longer moved throughout the year.

In 2012, the advantages of permanent winter time over summer are being discussed again, at all levels, and therefore a transition (this fall) to permanent, year-round winter time is possible.

Stable time is better for health. In the autumn-spring off-season, the body does not have to particularly adjust its biorhythms. Technical services and transport workers no longer have to, as before, when changing the hands of the clock, reconfigure equipment and change schedules.

Time zone of Moscow, according to stable time: +4 (GMT + 4:00)

The boundaries of zone time are drawn taking into account physical and geographical features - along large rivers, watersheds, as well as along interstate and administrative boundaries. States can change these boundaries within the country.

The international system U T C (World Time is used; it is designated UTC/GMT or, which is the same thing, UTC), as well as the difference between local and Moscow time - MSK. The plus sign means east, the minus sign means west of the starting point.

The transition to summer time (one hour forward) and winter time (one hour back) occurs in spring and autumn, respectively. This rule applies in the European Union, Egypt, Turkey, New Zealand... The dates and procedure for transfer may vary slightly in terms of timing. Most countries have abandoned the autumn-spring change of clock hands: Russia and Belarus (since 2011), Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, India, China, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan...

World time - UTC/GMT - the value of Greenwich Mean Time (G M T) is equal to "Universal Coordinated Time" (U T C) with an accuracy of one second - GMT=UTC). The name U T C, over time, will completely replace the term “Greenich time”

Rice. 2 Map - World time zones and their offsets from UTC/GMT (Greenwich Time)

Table - time zones of cities around the world (UTC/GMT), in the summer

An example of winter and summer time designation: EST / EDT (Eastern Standard / Daylight Time Zone).
If, somewhere, winter time is considered standard, then it can be abbreviated, for example: ET, CT, MT, PT

Table - time zones of cities and regions in Russia, since 2011.
Local time difference shown:
MSK+3 - with Moscow;
UTC+7 - with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC = GMT)

Note: MSK = MSD (Moscow Summer Time) all year round

Terms and Definitions

Switching to Daylight Saving (Summer) Time (DST - Daylight Saving (Summer) Time) - moving the clock hand forward one hour, which was done annually on the last Sunday of March in order to get an additional hour during daylight hours, to save electricity (for lighting, etc. ). The return to winter time was carried out recently. Sunday in October. These transitions affected the biorhythms of the human body, his well-being, and it took a week of adaptation to get used to it. Manipulation of clock hands is a common reason why workers and employees are late for work.

The prime (prime) meridian is the Greenwich meridian with a geographic longitude of 0°00"00", dividing the globe into the western and eastern hemispheres. Passes through the former Greenwich Observatory (in the suburbs of London)

GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) - "Greenwich Time"- on the Greenwich meridian. Determined from astronomical observations of the daily motion of stars. It is unstable (within a second per year) and depends on the constant change in the speed of rotation of the Earth, the movement of geographic poles along its surface and the nutation of the planet’s rotation axis. Greenwich (astronomical) time is close in meaning to UTC (atomic time), and will still be used as its synonym. Another name is "Zulu Time"

In Russian-language meteorology, GMT is designated as SGV (Greenwich Mean / or Geographical / Time)

GMT= UTC (accurate to 1 second)

Time zone (Standard Time Zone) - difference with World Time UTC/GMT (example: UTC/GMT+4 - fourth time zone, east of Greenwich)

H:mm:ss - 24-hour format (example: 14:25:05). Minutes and seconds - with leading zeros

h:mm:ss - 12-hour format (example: 02:25:05 PM - "two and a half hours in the afternoon" - 14:25:05). Minutes and seconds - with leading zeros

AM - designation of time before noon in a 12-hour format (short version - "A")
PM - designation of time after noon in a 12-hour format

Universal Time UT (Universal Time) is the average solar time at the Greenwich meridian, determined from astronomical observations of the daily movements of stars. Its refined values ​​are UT0, UT1, UT2

UT0 - time at the instantaneous Greenwich meridian, determined from the instantaneous position of the Earth's poles

UT1 - time at the Greenwich mean meridian, corrected for the movement of the earth's poles

UT2 - time, taking into account changes in the speed of rotation of the Earth

TAI - time according to atomic clocks (International Atomic Time, since 1972). Stable, reference, never translated. Time and frequency standard

Time in the GPS navigation system has been in effect since January 1980. No amendments are introduced to it. It is ahead of UTC time by one and a half dozen seconds.

UTC (from English Universal Time Coordinated)- Coordinated Universal Time for the coordinated distribution of standard frequencies and time signals over radio, television and the Internet - "World Time". Its synonym: "Universal time zone"

The UTC time scale has been introduced since 1964 to harmonize the values ​​of UT1 (astronomical measurements) and TAI (atomic clocks).

Unlike Greenwich Mean Time, UTC is set using atomic clocks.

The speed of rotation of the earth is slowing down, and therefore, corrections are introduced into the UTC scale regularly, after a year or two or three, on June 30 or December 31 (leap seconds - “Coordination Second”), so that U T C is no more than a second ( more precisely, 0.9 s) differed from astronomical time (determined by the movement of the Sun), as UT1 lagged behind by a second. This international rule was adopted in 1972.

Time ratio in 2009: UTC (universal) lags behind TAI (atomic) - by 35s. Time in the GPS navigation system is 15 seconds ahead of UTC (counting since 1980, the difference is increasing) T glonass = Tutc + 3 hours (corrected, so the discrepancy between them does not exceed 1 ms.)

Precise time signals (for clock synchronization) are transmitted via radio channels, television, and the Internet - in the UTC system. More precisely, you can place it, for example, on the Mayak radio signal, but only on the long-wave or medium-wave range (on the “ground-surface wave”). On VHF/FM radio, the signal may be delayed up to several seconds from the true one.

In watches with automatic synchronization (English Radio controlled), time correction occurs from base stations, on ultra-long waves. This system was developed in Europe.

Exact local time service numbers in Russian cities 100 - Moscow Voronezh Cheboksary Chelyabinsk 060 - Bryansk Kaliningrad Krasnodar Murmansk St. Petersburg Samara Mobile operators do not have such a service, since a mobile phone is not limited geographically and can work not only in a specific city, but also in roaming .

UTC time is not converted neither in winter nor in summer, therefore, for those places where there is a conversion to summer time, the offset relative to UTC changes (in Moscow, before the abolition of winter time in 2011, the difference was: in winter - UTC+3, in summer - UTC+4).

Standard abbreviations for the names of calendar months and days of the week in English (used in RSS and others): January February March April May June July August September October November December Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

GMT - Greenwich Mean Time (or Geographical) Time (English Greenwich Mean Time, GMT) - the time of the meridian passing through the old Greenwich Observatory, near London. Used to indicate time on weather maps. Synonyms for GMT are GMT and UTC.

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Literature

“Time and calendar” - M.: Nauka. 1989

Global (satellite) navigation systems GLONASS (Russia), GPS (USA), Galileo (European Union) - make it possible to determine, using navigators, including portable ones, the current location (coordinates), trajectory and speed of movement of objects in any point on our planet and in near-Earth space.

Depending on the method of operation and purpose, satellite GPS (Global Positioning System) navigators can be used for automobiles (car navigators), portable, marine, etc. The most common imported ones are Garmin, Mio, etc. There are completely autonomous configuration options - with batteries charging from solar panels or miniature thermoelectric generators (thermocouples). The navigation system is built into modern communicators, smartphones and cell phones, allowing you to receive not only the geographic coordinates of the receiver’s location, but also the system time with an accuracy of a fraction of a microsecond.

Russian GLONASS has been operating since the mid-90s. The orbital constellation includes more than two dozen operating satellites. The system operates throughout Russia. Since 2009, transport, including passenger transport, has been massively equipped with this system.

Navigators are produced in Russia (Glospace SGK-70 and others) that can work simultaneously with several navigation systems - GLONASS, GPS, Galileo.

Glospace supports the SMILINK system (shows traffic jams) and can create detour routes. Signals can be received from several satellite systems at once.

G P S maps - electronic maps for navigators and other mobile devices (communicators, PDAs / PDAs, smartphones, etc.) with GPS function.

World time zones and their offsets from UTC/GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)

Time zones, Greenwich Mean Time.

Standard time is a system of counting time based on dividing the Earth's surface into 24 time zones, every 15° in longitude.

Time within the same time zone is considered the same. In 1884, at the International Conference it was decided to apply this system. In accordance with the international agreement of 1883, the prime ("zero") meridian is considered to be the one that passes through the Greenwich Observatory in the suburbs of London. Local Greenwich Time (GMT), agreed to be called Universal Time or "World Time"

In our country, we switched to standard time for the first time in 1919. At first it was used only in shipping, and since 1924 - everywhere.

On the territory of Russia, since March 28, 2010, there are 9 time zones (before that there were 11 time zones). The Samara region and Udmurtia switched to Moscow time (second time zone). Kemerovo region. (Kuzbass) – to Omsk (MCK+3). Kamchatka Territory and Chukotka - to Magadanskoe (MSK +8). In these five subjects of the Federation, on March 28, 2010, the clock hands were not moved.

Two belts are being abolished - the third (Samara, MSK +1) and the eleventh (Kamchatsky, MSK +9). There are 9 of them in total, and the maximum time range in our country is reduced from 10 to 9 hours.

In Russia, from March 2011, after the transition to daylight saving time, the clock hands will no longer be moved.

In fact, it is considered to be standard time plus 1 hour (throughout the whole year), for the reason that by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars in 1930, in the summer, the clock hands were moved 1 hour forward, to summer time. On the contrary, it was decided not to transfer, and since then the so-called “maternity time” has been in effect in Russia. In summer, with the addition of one more hour, the difference with standard time is +2 hours.

Since 2011, with the abolition of the switches, the stable difference with standard time will be +2 hours. This is healthier for your health - in the off-season, thanks to the stable time, you won’t have to adjust your biorhythms, which is especially important. The time of night sleep and rest will be optimal for the body. The “daylight hours” of the day will increase. It will also be easier for technical services and transport workers - they will not have to, as before, when changing the hands of the clock, reconfigure equipment and change schedules.

Moscow time zone (summer time): +4 (GMT + 4:00)

The boundaries of standard time (see figure) are drawn taking into account physical and geographical features - along large rivers, watersheds, as well as along interstate and administrative boundaries. States can change these boundaries within the country.

The international system U T C (World Time is used; it is designated UTC/GMT or, which is the same thing, UTC), as well as the difference between local and Moscow time - MSK. The plus sign means east, the minus sign means west of the starting point.

The transition to summer time (one hour forward) and winter time (one hour back) occurs on the last Sunday of March and October, respectively. This rule is valid in Russia (until March 2011), the European Union, etc. The dates and procedure for changing the clock hands in other countries may differ slightly in terms of timing.

World Time – UTC/GMT – Greenwich Mean Time (G M T) is equal to Coordinated Universal Time (U T C) with an accuracy of one second - GMT=UTC). The name U T C, over time, will completely replace the term “Greenwich Mean Time.”

Table - time zones of cities around the world (UTC/GMT), winter time

Example of daylight saving time designation: CEST (Central Europe
Summer Time) – Central European Summer Time

Table – time zones in Russia.
Local time difference shown:
MSK+1 - with Moscow;
UTC+4 - with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC = GMT)

Terms and Definitions

Daylight Saving (Summer) Time (DST)- moving the clock hand forward one hour, carried out on the last Sunday in March, in order to gain an additional hour during daylight hours, to save electricity (for lighting, etc.). Return to the original (winter) time is carried out last. Sunday in October. The transition affects the biorhythms of the human body, its well-being, and it takes a week of adaptation to get used to it. Manipulation of clock hands is a common reason why workers and employees are late for work.

Prime (zero) meridian- The Greenwich meridian, with a geographic longitude of 0°00"00", divides the globe into the western and eastern hemispheres. Passes through the former Greenwich Observatory (in the suburbs of London)

GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) - "Greenwich Time"– on the meridian Greenwich. Determined from astronomical observations of the daily motion of stars. It is unstable (within a second per year) and depends on the constant change in the speed of rotation of the Earth, the movement of geographic poles along its surface and the nutation of the planet’s rotation axis. Greenwich (astronomical) time is close in meaning to UTC (atomic time), and will still be used as its synonym. Another name is "Zulu Time"

In Russian-language meteorology, GMT is designated as SGV (Greenwich Mean / or Geographical / Time)

GMT= UTC (accurate to 1 second)

Timezone(Standard time zone) - difference with World Time UTC/GMT (example: UTC/GMT+4 - fourth time zone, east of Greenwich)

H:mm:ss - 24 hour format(example: 14:25:05). Minutes and seconds - with leading zeros

h:mm:ss - 12 hour format(example: 02:25:05 PM - "two and a half hours in the afternoon" - 14:25:05). Minutes and seconds - with leading zeros

AM- designation of time before noon in a 12-hour format (short version - “A”)
RM- designation of time after noon in 12-hour format

Universal time UT(Universal Time) - average solar time at the meridian Greenwich, is determined from astronomical observations of the daily movements of stars. Its refined values ​​are UT0, UT1, UT2

UT0- time on the instantaneous Greenwich meridian, determined by the instantaneous position of the Earth's poles

UT1- time at the Greenwich mean meridian, corrected for the movement of the earth's poles

UT2- time, taking into account changes in the speed of rotation of the Earth

TAI- time according to atomic clocks (International Atomic Time, since 1972). Stable, reference, never translated. Time and frequency standard

Time in GPS navigation system valid since January 1980. No amendments are introduced to it. It is ahead of UTC time by one and a half dozen seconds.

UTC(from English Universal Time Coordinated) - Universal coordinated time for the coordinated distribution of standard frequencies and precise time signals via radio, television and the Internet - “World Time”. Its synonym: "Universal time zone"

Time scale UTC introduced since 1964 to harmonize the values ​​of UT1 (astronomical measurements) and TAI (atomic clocks).

Unlike Greenwich Mean Time, UTC is set using atomic clocks.

The speed of rotation of the earth is slowing down, and therefore, corrections are introduced into the UTC scale regularly, after a year or two or three, on June 30 or December 31 (leap seconds), so that U T C is no more than a second ( more precisely, 0.9 s) differed from astronomical time (determined by the movement of the Sun), as UT1 lagged behind by a second. This international rule was adopted in 1972.

Precise time signals(for clock synchronization) are transmitted over radio channels, television, and the Internet - in the UTC system. More precisely, you can place it, for example, on the Mayak radio signal, but only on the long-wave or medium-wave range (on the “ground-surface wave”). On VHF/FM radio, the signal may be delayed up to several seconds from the true one.

In watches with automatic synchronization (English Radio controlled), time correction occurs from base stations, on ultra-long waves. This system was developed in Europe.

There are 11 time zones in Russia. Within each zone, the same time applies. During the year, the clock hands do not move, so the time difference with many countries of the world in spring and autumn can change by 1 hour.

Attention! It should be remembered that plane tickets indicate the local airport time, and train tickets indicate Moscow time.

Time zone designation

In addition to the international system for designating time zones, in which counting is carried out from the Greenwich meridian, Russia uses a national scale, where the starting point is Moscow time. Thus, for example, a time zone can be described as UTC+2 (that is, 2 hours more than in and) or as MSK-1 (1 hour less than in).

Time zones

At the moment, time in Russia is calculated according to the federal law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On the Calculation of Time””, adopted on July 1, 2014.

• Kaliningrad time MSK−1 (UTC+2): ;
• Moscow time MSK (UTC+3): cities of federal significance, Republic of Adygea, Republic of Kalmykia, Republic of Komi, Republic of Mari El, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, Chechen Republic, Chuvash Republic, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Belgorod Region, Voronezh Region , Kirov region, Kursk region, Lipetsk region, Oryol region, Penza region, Saratov region, Tambov region, Ulyanovsk region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
• Samara time MSK+1 (UTC+4): , Republic of Udmurtia;
• Yekaterinburg time MSK+2 (UTC+5): Republic of Bashkortostan, Kurgan region, Orenburg region, Sverdlovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra and Russia: Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
• Omsk time MSK+3 (UTC+6): , Altai region, Novosibirsk region, Omsk region, Tomsk region;
• Krasnoyarsk time MSK+4 (UTC+7): Republic of Tyva, Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kemerovo Region;
• Irkutsk time MSK+5 (UTC+8): , Trans-Baikal Territory, ;
• Yakut time MSK+6 (UTC+9): part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Amur region;
• Vladivostok time MSK+7 (UTC+10): part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Magadan Region, Sakhalin Region (except for the North Kuril Region), Jewish Autonomous Region;
• Middle Kolyma time MSK+8 (UTC+11): part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Sakhalin region (North Kuril region only);
• Kamchatka time MSK+9 (UTC+12): , Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

The Greenwich meridian was recognized as the reference point for all time zones on the planet in 1884 at the International Meridian Conference in Washington.

Before the revolution in Russia, each city used local solar time, which was calculated by geographic longitude, and all railways in Russia used “St. Petersburg time.”

The transition to summer time (moving the hands forward an hour) was first carried out at midnight from March 31 to April 1, 1981, the transition to winter time - at midnight from September 30 to October 1. And in 1984 they realized that it was more correct to do this on weekends - at midnight on the last Sunday of March and September (since 1996 - October).

Until 2011, Russia had 11 time zones, which is logical, because the length of the country in longitude is just over 171 degrees, which is equal to 11.4 hours. With the transition to a new system of time zones in 2011, Chukotka and Kamchatka began to live according to Magadan time, and the zone that differed from the capital by 1 hour (MSK+1), in which Udmurtia and the Samara region were located, was also destroyed - they joined Moscow time . In 2014, Russia again switched to a system of 11 time zones.

When traveling around the world, people inevitably end up at different times of the day - this is due to the movement of the planet around its axis. Russia is a very large country, occupying an impressive territory. For greater convenience, its area was divided into a certain number of zones corresponding to the number of time zones in Russia.

What determines time on Earth?

Our planet, as you know, has a spherical shape. In 24 hours, it manages to make a full revolution around its axis, that is, 360°. Accordingly, in one hour the Earth rotates around its axis by 15°.

In different parts of the world, people experience sunset or sunrise at different times. In places located on different meridians, at the same moment, the clock hands will show different times of day. For example, in Yakutsk it will be 21 hours, while in Yekaterinburg it will be only 17.

But at the same time, on the same meridian along its entire length from the North to the South Pole, the time of day will be the same. This time is called local or solar.

However, using local time is extremely inconvenient: it makes the development of relations between countries very difficult. To eliminate this discomfort, astronomers have proposed introducing a standard time system around the world.

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As a result, the entire planet was divided along the meridians into 24 zones, each of which included 15° longitude. Thus, the time in each time zone differs from the time in neighboring zones by 1 hour.

Zero is considered the time zone in the center of which the Greenwich meridian passes. He is also the 24th in a row. Time zones are counted from zero from west to east.

Rice. 1. Reference point – Greenwich meridian.

Time zones of Russia

The extent of Russia from west to east is very large, covering 11 time zones. The capital of the Russian Federation, Moscow, is located in the second time zone, and, say, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is in the twelfth.

Moscow time serves as the reference point for determining local time anywhere in Russia. The difference is calculated by the number of full hours: the count of minutes and seconds is the same in all time zones.

To avoid confusion on the territory of Russia, all work on river, sea, air and railway transport, as well as various types of communications, is carried out only according to Moscow time.

Rice. 2. Time zones of Russia on the map.

For greater convenience, the second and eleventh time zones in Russia were combined into one. For this reason, within the Russian Federation they are encountered not eleven, but ten times.

It’s not difficult to independently calculate the standard time of each individual locality. It is enough to know the boundaries of its location and the number of the time zone in which it is located. For example, if in Moscow, located in the second zone, it is 8 o’clock in the morning, then in Yekaterinburg, located in the fourth zone, it will be 10 o’clock in the morning, since the difference with Moscow will be 2 hours.

Table by city (time difference)

Maternity and summer time

In 1930, by decree of the Council of People's Commissars, clock hands throughout Russia were moved one hour ahead of relative standard time. The country lived in this regime for more than 50 years on the so-called “maternity” time. It was believed that the transition to a new time was established in order to save electricity. The return to seasonal time occurred only in 1981.

In the same year, summer time was introduced on the territory of the USSR. Between April 1 and October 1, clocks across the country were moved forward an hour. The official reason for this transition is the rational use of daylight hours and energy savings.

Rice. 3. Physiologists are against the transition to a new time.

However, physiologists are confident that such jumps in time have a very negative impact on people’s well-being. For any organism, the transition to a new time is stressful, and it takes some time for life cycles to adjust to new conditions.

Daylight saving time in the Russian Federation was canceled in 2011.

What have we learned?

While studying one of the topics in the 8th grade geography program, we found out how many time zones there are in Russia. We found out that their number of time zones corresponds to the number of meridians, and the time difference in each neighboring zone is exactly one hour. Moscow time is considered the main time in Russia, according to which all types of transport operate and connections are established throughout the country.

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