Organization and holding

orienteering competition

Introduction

Orienteering, being one of the youngest sports, is gaining increasing recognition in our country. Wide accessibility, exciting competition on the track, the beauty of the region’s nature, which athletes come into contact with so closely at a distance - all this contributes to the popularity of orienteering.

Orienteering classes promote mental and physical development, improve health, and help to learn and understand nature. As a military-applied sport, orienteering plays an important role in the military-patriotic education of schoolchildren and in preparing young people to defend the Fatherland.

Orienteering is a sport in which participants, using a sports map and a compass, must pass control points (abbreviated as CP) located on the ground.

Competitions are an important part of the sports training of children, adolescents, boys and girls.

Competitions must be planned in such a way that their focus and degree of difficulty correspond to the level of preparedness of the competitors.

“Rules for orienteering competitions” are the main document regulating the conduct of orienteering competitions. The rules apply throughout the Russian Federation and are mandatory for athletes, coaches, team representatives, judges and competition organizers, as well as for all persons participating in competitions or working with athletes.

– passing checkpoints marked on the map and located on the ground in a given order. Participants choose the path from one checkpoint to another at their own discretion.

Orientation by choice– passing checkpoints from among those available in the competition area. The choice of checkpoints and the order of their completion is arbitrary, at the discretion of the participant.

Orientation on a marked route – passing a distance marked on the ground from start to finish, with the location of checkpoints installed on the distance marked on the map.

Sports card

Sports cards are used in competitions. A sports map is a large-scale special map of the area, made in conventional symbols.

Errors and changes discovered on the ground after the map was published must be included in the map if they may affect the results of the competition.

For sports maps, a scale of 1:10,000 and 1:15,000 is used with a relief section height of 5 m. In areas with a slight difference in elevation on slopes, you can use a relief section height of 2.5 m.

The distance elements corresponding to each type of orientation are marked in purple (red, violet are allowed) on the map given to the participant.

Competition distance

The course must be planned so that:

To successfully complete it, physical training and navigation skills were required in equal measure;

Equal conditions of struggle were observed for all participants;

Participants did not cross dangerous places (railroads, roads with heavy traffic, poorly frozen rivers, impassable swamps, etc.);

The participants did not move for most of the distance through continuous thickets of nettles and other plants that have an irritating effect on the athletes’ bodies.

The length of the distance in orienteering competitions in a given direction is determined on the map by measuring and summing up the segments: technical start - checkpoint - finish (without taking into account the terrain). If there is an impassable obstacle between two checkpoints, the length of the distance is measured along the shortest detour.

In orienteering competitions on a marked course, the length of the distance is measured on a map or on the ground.

In selective competitions, the length of the distance is measured along the optimal path of passing all checkpoints.

The total climb must be given as the climb along the participant's expected optimal path of movement, and it must not exceed 4% of the length of the estimated optimal path.

Legends of KP

CPs should be located at landmarks marked on the map and clearly identifiable on the ground. The exact location of the control point should be described using legends. The location of the checkpoint must be clearly determined using a map and legend.

CP legends must be in the form of symbols in accordance with the instructions of the Federal Security Service of Russia (Description of symbols to explain CP legends); for city and regional competitions, a verbal description of the legends can be used.

Participants can be introduced to the legends before the start.

Legends can be placed in the border of the card, attached to the front of the card, issued separately to participants, or posted on an information board.

Distance equipment

The terrain is equipped with: a preliminary start (registration point for starting participants), a map issuing point, a technical start, an orienteering start point, a checkpoint, marked sections, a finish (a relay transfer point), as well as other objects necessary for each type of orienteering.

The pre-start must have a clock or other device showing the judge's time (current competition time).

In the case of a group (general) start, it is necessary to provide a sufficiently wide marked area from the start line to the starting point of the orientation, where participants can distribute their strengths without interfering with each other.

The finish place (relay transfer point) is located in such a way that the finishing participant is visible at least 50 m away and that this section of the distance is not downhill or steep and does not have sharp turns. At least the last 20 m must be fenced and straight.

Carrying out competitions in types of orienteering

Orientation in a given direction

Competitions in a given direction are held at all types of distances. It is recommended to choose the number of control points so that the distance poses orienteering tasks for the athlete and ensures entertainment and fairness of the competition.

The start must be equipped so that participants starting later and other persons cannot see the cards given to participants, the choice of option and the direction of movement to the first checkpoint. If necessary, a separate starting point for orientation is equipped, and the path to it is marked.

The location and height of the control panel sign above the ground is chosen so that the prism is clearly visible to the participant who has reached the corresponding landmark point indicated by the map and legend.

The map issued to the participant includes the starting point of the orientation, checkpoints and their serial numbers, mandatory marked sections, and the finish (if there is a marking from the last checkpoint to the finish, the finish may not be marked). The starting point of orientation, the checkpoint and the finish line are connected by straight lines with the inclusion of marked sections. In addition, marked areas, passages in obstacles, food stations, and medical care are not required for passage. If legends are not used, in addition to serial numbers, CP designations can also be applied.

The participant’s result is determined by the time spent covering the distance from the start (technical start, if any) to the finish.

Relay races in a given direction

When holding relay races, team members take turns going through their stages - distances with a certain number of control points.

At the first stage of the relay, the order of issuing cards is determined by the Chief Judge. Participants in the second and subsequent stages of the relay independently take their card at the card issuing point.

Distances can be prepared with the participants dispersed.

A participant can only run one stage, unless otherwise specified in the Regulations.

The start of the participants at the first stage is general, unless otherwise specified in the Regulations.

Competitions by choice

When holding competitions in orienteering, there are two options available:

1. Passing a given number of checkpoints from those available in the competition area. The choice of checkpoints and the order of their completion is arbitrary, at the discretion of the participant.

2. Passing the largest number of checkpoints within the pre-set control time.

In both cases, taking a certain CP is counted only once.

When holding optional competitions (option 1) in the competition area, it is recommended to install more control points than the number that the participants need to take. CPs are located in such a way that it is possible to select several approximately equivalent route options with an equal number of CPs.

When holding optional competitions (option 2) in the competition area, it is recommended to install more control points than the number that the winner can take during the designated control time.

The competition program must include

Dates, times and places of opening, awarding, closing, and other official or ceremonial ceremonies;

Dates, times and places of holding types of competition programs;

Dates, times and locations of representatives' meetings and other meetings scheduled during the competition;

Dates, times and places of the planned cultural events (rest day program);

Dates, times and places of press conferences;

Dates, times and places of departure of transport to and from the competition area, to the venues of cultural events, from the venues of cultural events:

Information on the procedure for conducting model training;

Information about restrictions on the movement of coaches and representatives allowed into the starting area and the use of mobile communications in the starting area.

Technical information

must contain:

Information about the terrain and its features not reflected on the sports map:

Altitude above sea level, dangerous places, predominant forest species, nature of the soil, etc.;

Information about the sports card: scale, height of the relief section, year of compilation, degree of moisture protection of the paper, card format, use of signs of special micro-objects:

Information about the distances for each group: length, number of checkpoints, total elevation gain, maximum difference on one slope, road conditions, dangerous places, control time, expected time of the winner, method of marking the checkpoint, preliminary decision of the inspector on the class of the distance;

Schedule of group starts, information about travel time to the start, conditions for placing participants in the competition center, at the start and finish, traffic schedules to the start, from the start to the finish, from the finish to the accommodation, etc.;

At orienteering competitions in a given direction, in addition, the following is reported:

Availability of marked areas and marking colors;

Orienteering by running - legends of KP. Legends are presented in the form of a table of symbols for each distance; if there is scattering, a general list of legends for the program type is published;

At mass competitions, verbal descriptions of legends are allowed. If the legends are presented as a general list (table), the information separately gives the order of passing the checkpoint for each group.

Competition participants

To maintain equal wrestling conditions for all participants, competitions are held by age groups. An athlete’s membership in a particular age group is determined by the calendar year in which he reaches the corresponding age.

The symbol of the group (index) consists of the initial letter of the gender of the participants and the number that determines the maximum age of the athlete performing in this group for younger groups and the minimum for groups of veterans. The composition of participants in the age group is determined by the Regulations.

Admission to competitions

The hosting organization may appoint a credentials committee to make decisions on the admission of athletes to competitions, in accordance with the Regulations.

The credentials commission (in its absence, the panel of judges) may require the presentation of documents specified in the Regulations confirming the information specified in the application.

If, as a result of the work of the credentials committee or during the competition, incorrect or distorted information about the participant is revealed, then:

If updated information about the athlete does not affect the conditions of his admission to competitions, then the information is entered into the final protocols;

In other cases, the athlete’s results may be cancelled.

Athletes who were not allowed to complete the distance in the main competition, as well as representatives, coaches, etc., by decision of the Chief Judge, may be allowed to view the distance after the end of the competition.

There are no restrictions on the clothing of participants.

Sportsmanship

Competition participants are required to:

Comply with the Competition Rules;

Know the competition regulations;

Observe the order of starts and arrive at the start on time;

Start with a number determined by drawing lots;

Protect the card from accidental punctures and tears;

Provide assistance during the competition to an injured participant; report it at the finish line;

Overcome each obligatory marked section at a distance from start to finish;

At the finish line, hand over the card to the judges;

When passing the relay, touch your teammate’s hand within the passing zone;

A participant who leaves the race must come to the finish line as soon as possible, declare this at the finish line, and hand over the card. He should in no way influence the course of the competition or help other athletes.

Competition participants are prohibited

Make attempts to familiarize yourself in advance with the terrain in the planned competition area or with the competition data map, unless this is permitted by the Organizer;

During the competition, use other cartographic material, except for the map received from the panel of judges, and other navigation equipment, except for the compass;

Go to the race area before your start time;

After the finish, enter the competition area without the permission of the Chief Judge;

Use any technical means of transportation other than those provided for in these competitions;

Go to the distance with mobile communications and other radio receiving and transmitting devices, with the exception of devices issued by the organizer;

Change the design and equipment of the control center;

Attract attention to oneself by any signals during the competition (except for signals for help in case of injury or if a participant gets lost);

Reduce (cut) the distance in orienteering competitions on a marked route, as well as mandatory marked sections in other types of competitions;

Interfere with the work of the panel of judges;

Cross prohibited areas;

Use any outside help other than medical help (if necessary).

For unsportsmanlike behavior and violation of these Rules, by decision of the Chief Referee of the competition, the athlete’s result may be canceled, the athlete may be warned or suspended from the competition. The organizer is obliged to inform about the facts of unsportsmanlike behavior of the participant, and may apply for his disqualification.

In exceptional cases, by decision of the Chief Referee, a team may also be suspended from participation in competitions for unsportsmanlike behavior of participants and officials.

Starting order

The start could be:

Single, in which participants start one from each group with an equal time interval, usually 1-3 minutes;

Group, in which participants start simultaneously, 2 or more people from each age or qualification group;

Consecutive (as the participants of the previous stage of the relay arrive);

With different types of handicap (pursuit), determined by the Regulations;

General, in which participants of one, several or all groups start at the same time.

The start schedule is established by the Chief Judge in accordance with the Regulations on the competition, the number of declared participants, the location of the distance and other features of the competition.

Finish

The athlete moves towards the finish line only along the finish corridor. The finish line must be clearly visible and easily identified by the running athlete.

After crossing the finish line, each athlete must hand in his control card (with packaging, if any) and, if required by the organizers, his card.

The participant's time is recorded at the moment of crossing the finish line.

Finish times are given in hours, minutes, seconds or minutes and seconds. The fractions of a second drop. It is allowed to record time with an accuracy of tenths and hundredths of a second.

In running orienteering competitions, the width of the finishing corridor at the finish line must be at least 3 m.

Orienteering is a unique sport. Beginners do not always immediately understand its specifics, rules and tasks. It is difficult to explain its essence to a person unfamiliar with orienteering. Although at first glance it is simple - find and correctly mark checkpoints faster than everyone else

To understand what orienteering is, you need to try it yourself. After all, even after studying the definition, many questions remain. Orienteers often face questions from outsiders: “Orienteering? What is this?” After this, long explanations of the specifics of the sport begin, or a laconic description of the main task that faces the athlete at the start.

In the broadest sense, the essence of orienteering is that an athlete, with the help of a map, a compass, a chip and his orienteering and map reading skills, can as quickly as possible and, more importantly, correctly overcome the distance marked on the map. Immediately after the start, the athlete is left alone with nature. And in this nature there are checkpoints that he, the athlete, must find and mark with the help of a chip.

Almost everyone has encountered cards in their life. These could be road maps of Russia, topographic maps of the world in classes at school or university, an electronic map in your smartphone, and so on. When you sit and calmly look at it, it seems that there is nothing difficult in choosing a path to move from point A to point B and going through it. At orienteering competitions, the athlete simply does not have time to look at the map for a long time. You have to choose the path of movement and think it through right on the go, in conditions.

Another factor that makes the “competitive life” of an orienteer more interesting is psychological pressure. Everyone is trying to save valuable time and choose a more profitable route. In competitive conditions, athletes often make mistakes in choosing the path to move or simply lose themselves on the map. All this is the result of the psychological pressure of the competitive moment. Therefore, one of the main qualities that an orienteer must have are perseverance and stress resistance.

So, the athlete goes to the start. He receives a card, starts and immediately disappears from the view of spectators and other athletes. On a sports map, everything that is located in a certain area of the area is marked in the form of catch signs. In addition, the map contains checkpoints where the orienteer must make a mark. While moving, he must have time to choose the path to move and read the map so as not to get lost. After completing the entire distance, the participant runs to the finish line, which is also marked on the map. The winner is determined by the best time and correct completion of the distance.

What is the highlight of orienteering?

Orienteering is a sport that you cannot win with only fast legs or a smart head. To become the best, an athlete must simultaneously develop physical qualities and learn to read a map correctly, quickly and accurately. This can only be achieved through repeated training and gaining experience in competitions.

It is almost impossible to prepare for certain conditions. Orienteering competitions are held in all corners of the planet. Starts can be in the mountains, in forests, in fields, and even in urban environments. During the course, orienteers may encounter obstacles in the form of streams, rivers, dead wood, steep mountains, impassable bushes and any other creations of nature. An athlete of any other sport can only envy what orienteers have to deal with in competitions.

Orienteering rules

Immediately after a beginner becomes familiar with the tasks and understands the essence of orienteering, he must learn a number of important rules, without knowledge of which he will not be able to successfully compete in competitions. For example, for violations of many rules, an athlete is simply disqualified from the competition. In order not to overshadow your performance, you must always be aware of new changes in the rules, although the basic rules of orienteering do not change from year to year.

First of all, the orienteer must cover the distance exactly in the order in which it is marked on his map. If the order of passing the distance is violated or someone else’s checkpoints (checkpoints) are marked, then the athlete’s result at the distance will be cancelled. Now this issue is very strictly controlled with the help of modern technologies.

The athlete must meet the time allotted by the judges to cover the distance. Otherwise, the participant will also be disqualified. Although, in general, the control time is more than enough to complete the distance.

On the map, special signs may mark areas of terrain that cannot be crossed, or, on the contrary, you must run through them. An example of the first would be areas of terrain that are dangerous to the life and health of an athlete, and the second would be marked areas or places where rivers can be forded or crossing busy roads.

Before the start is given, the athlete must not leave the warm-up area and enter the competition map. This rule is intended to prevent the participant from finding control points in advance and choosing the route to them.

A large list of rules also applies to organizers, who must ensure the safety of athletes at a distance in various ways, for example, by marking the same dangerous areas, and monitoring the compliance of the location of control points on the ground with the map.

Previously, there was an interesting rule according to which a participant did not have the right to chase another along the distance. Now such a technique is not prohibited by the rules. That is, a participant can simply run after another who follows an identical distance. No sanction will follow for this today, but the interest in the sport is dropping sharply, and besides, no one excludes the possibility of a mistake by the “leading” athlete.

Orienteering manual

To become better acquainted with all the techniques and methods of orienteering, athletes and coaches study various literature. It may describe various interesting methods, methods and techniques that can improve the athlete’s performance. You can download this manual on orienteering using the link:

It describes in detail all the concepts, terminology, techniques and methods of working with a map and compass, basic rules and psychological advice.

True, a number of provisions from this manual are already morally and technically outdated. For example, in modern competitions, participants use chips to mark, and the manual describes cards for marking. Previously, marking at checkpoints was done using a composter and a cardboard marking card, but now it is no longer used almost anywhere.

Bottom line

To understand the essence of orienteering, it will be enough to go to the start line at least once, at least for training, and plunge headlong into this wonderful sport, to feel firsthand how difficult and interesting it is at the same time. After all, many people mistakenly believe that this is a simple run through the forests with a map.

In order not to darken the memories of the start, you must know and strictly follow the rules of orienteering. And in order to improve, you need to study additional literature, manuals and communicate with more experienced athletes.

Brief information about the competition rules in orienteering

A. S. Dombrovsky and others.

Since not everyone is familiar with the rules of orienteering competitions, their main provisions are outlined below.

Orienteering competitions are held in winter and summer, day and night, among children, boys, girls, women and men. The competition participant’s task is to pass checkpoints located on the ground in the shortest possible time, using a map and compass.

Competitions are held:

In a given direction - a classic form of competition, when an athlete must pass checkpoints marked on the map and located on the ground in a given sequence from the start (on the map it is always indicated by a triangle) to checkpoint-1, then to checkpoint-2, etc. Between the checkpoints, each athlete can move in any route chosen at will, based on physical fitness and mastery of orienteering techniques. If a participant violates the order of passing a checkpoint or misses at least one checkpoint, the result will not be counted towards him. The length of the distance is measured on the map along a straight line connecting the control point. In fact, the athlete runs a greater distance.

By choice - when an athlete must pass a given number of control points (the choice and order of passing control points is arbitrary, at the discretion of the participant). The number of control points on the ground is significantly greater than the participant needs to “take”. “Taking” one CP several times is counted as one CP. The number of checkpoints that need to be passed and the minimum mileage that will have to be covered are communicated to participants before the start of the competition. The participant’s result is determined by the time spent on “taking” a given number of points.

On a marked route, the athlete must cover the distance marked on the ground and map the location of all checkpoints installed on the route. This type of competition is the leading winter sport in orienteering. The participant moves along a ski track similar to a cross-country skiing track. The starting point (beginning of orientation) is indicated on the map. Having determined the location of the control point, the athlete punctures the map where, in his opinion, the control point is located. The puncture is made with a punch or a needle. In the latter case, the puncture site is crossed out crosswise with a pencil of a certain color located on the CP. The participant is given the right to put the position of the control point on the map at the next control point (no further). The number of punctures must correspond to the number of gearboxes. If they do not match, the participant may be removed from the competition. The same punishment can befall a participant for mismatching the color of the mark. For an error in applying a CP of more than 2 mm, the participant receives a penalty time: 1 minute for every full and incomplete 2 mm. The maximum penalty that can be imposed for an error in applying one CP is 3 minutes, at distances of II - III categories - 5 minutes.

Sports categories (youth) are awarded at the age of 11-17 years, adults III II I, CMS - from 16 years, the title of master of sports - from 17 years. The basis for fulfilling the category standards is the distance class, the qualifications of the competition participants and the ratio of the participant’s time to complete the distance to the winner’s time as a percentage.

Responsibilities of competition participants.

To avoid letting yourself and the team down, a participant should not:

Go out to the area before the start and after completing the distance until the end of the competition;

During the competition, cross territories with field crops, go through gardens, vegetable gardens and other areas prohibited for running;

- “cooperate” with other participants or deliberately pursue them, lead (accompany) the participant;

Change the designation and design of the gearbox;

Shorten, cut the distance;

Interfering with the work of judges;

The penalty for these violations is removal from the competition.

Another competitor must:

Before the competition, study the position, familiarize yourself with the order of starts and arrive at the start on time;

If you are late for the start, do not despair: if the start is not closed, the athlete will be allowed to start the race, but the result will be counted from the time recorded in the start protocol;

Start only with the number determined by the draw;

Having noticed that someone has been injured at a distance, provide assistance and help the injured person get to the nearest checkpoint or finish line;

Having found the control point, check its designation; when leaving the checkpoint, check the correctness and clarity of its mark on your card;

Protect the participant’s card and control card from accidental punctures and tears;

Promptly report to judges any observed instances of “cooperation” or harassment

Hand in your map and participant card immediately after crossing the finish line;

If a participant’s card or control card is lost, the athlete’s result is not counted;

After the control time has expired or in case of “leaving” the race, immediately report to the finish line and inform the judges about it;

The orienteer's uniform must be clean and neat.

What: Running orienteering Where:

01/31/2014 Rules of Orienteering

Approved by order of the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of Russia

RULES OF THE SPORT "orienteering"

Basic provisions

These Rules have been developed taking into account the current Rules of the International Orienteering Federation (IOF).

According to these Rules, all orienteering competitions are held on the territory of the Russian Federation. The rules apply throughout the Russian Federation and are mandatory for athletes, coaches, team representatives, judges and competition organizers, as well as for all persons participating in competitions or working with athletes.

Issues of organizing and conducting competitions that are not included in these Rules are regulated by the relevant instructions and recommendations approved by the Russian Orienteering Federation (abbreviated as FSO of Russia), the Regulations on competitions, and the regulations for competitions.

List of abbreviations adopted in this edition of the rules.

OB - running orienteering;

OL - sports orienteering on skis;

OV - bicycle orienteering;

KP - control point;

FSO - Federation of Orienteering;

PVK - card issuing point;

PO - evaluation point;

ZN - given direction;

MT - marked route;

VO - choice;

KB - combined distance;

GP - pursuit race;

ES - relay race;

The sign “E” in the margin before the number of the paragraph of the Rules means that the specified paragraph is mandatory for competitions at distances of the MS class, and desirable for competitions at distances of the CCM class.

The signs “OB”, “OL”, “OV” in the margins before the number of the paragraph of the Rules mean that the specified paragraph is valid only for competitions with the specified method of transportation.

1. The subject and essence of orienteering

1.1. General content of the sport “orienteering”

Orienteering is a sport in which participants, using a sports map and compass, must pass control points (CP) located on the ground. Results, as a rule, are determined by the time it takes to complete the distance (in certain cases, taking into account penalty time) or by the number of points scored.

1.1.1. These Rules regulate the holding of competitions by means of movement (type of orienteering)

For running orienteering - “OB”;

In ski orienteering - “OL”;

Bicycle orienteering, "OV".

All points of these Rules, unless otherwise stated, apply to all types of orienteering.

Orienteering competitions using other means of transportation are regulated by other documents of the Federal Security Service of Russia. 1.1.2. Competitions may vary: 1.1.2.1. According to the time of the competition: - daytime (during daylight hours); - night (during the dark).

1.1.2.2. According to the start method of athletes: - individual (each sport shift has an individual start time); — relay (team members go through their stages sequentially); — group (athletes have a common start time).

1.1.2.3. By the nature of scoring results: - personal (results are counted separately for each participant); — personal - team (results are counted for each participant and teams); — team (the results of the participants are counted towards the teams).

1.1.2.4. According to the method of determining the result of the competition: - one-time (the result of one single competition is the final result); - multiple (the combined results of one or more routes completed over one or more days determine the final result); - qualifying (participants go through one or more qualifying routes to reach the finals).

1.1.3. Depending on the method of completing tasks, the following types of orienteering competitions are held: 1.1.3.1. Orientation in a given direction, “ZN” - passing through checkpoints marked on the map and located on the ground in a given order. Participants choose the path from one checkpoint to another at their own discretion.

1.1.3.2. Orientation by choice, “VO” - passing a checkpoint from among those available in the competition area. The choice of checkpoints and the order of their completion is arbitrary, at the discretion of the participant.

1.1.3.3. Orientation on a marked route (“MT”) - covering a distance marked on the ground from start to finish, with the location of checkpoints installed on the route marked on the map.

1.1.4. Competitions may include a different number of disciplines (types of programs) of orienteering.

The disciplines of orienteering, in accordance with the All-Russian Register of Sports (VRVS), differ in the length of the distance, scale and symbols of sports cards - diagrams, method of movement, determination of the result, the nature of the test and the interaction of athletes.

1.2. Orienteering competition distance

1.2.1. Distance - the competition route from start to finish.

The distance should be unfamiliar to all participants.

1.2.2. The distance must be planned so that: - to successfully complete it, physical training and navigation skills are required in equal measure; — equal conditions of struggle were observed for all participants; - participants did not cross dangerous places (railroad tracks, roads with heavy traffic, poorly frozen rivers, impassable swamps, etc.), did not move through areas prohibited for running (crops, forest plantations, etc.), through unfavorable conditions environmentally friendly areas (landfills, settling tanks of treatment facilities, etc.); — participants did not move for most of the distance through continuous thickets of nettles and other plants that have an irritating effect on the athletes’ bodies.

“E, OV” 3.10.7. In bicycle orienteering competitions, the finishing area must be wide enough to accommodate at least two cyclists.

"E" 3.10.8. At individual starts, electronic start and finish timing systems must be used.

3.11. Control time

3.11.1. In order to limit the duration of the competition, the Chief Judge in all types of orienteering separately assigns a control time for each group of participants, which is communicated to the participants no later than an hour before the start.

3.11.2. The control time cannot be changed after the first participant has started.

3.11.3. The control time is set within 200 - 250% of the winner’s estimated time. In relay races, the control time is assigned separately for the first stage and for the total stages.

3.11.4. The result of a participant or relay team that exceeds the control time may be canceled (except for optional competitions).

3.12. Both ensure the safety of athletes during competitions

3.12.1. When holding competitions, the following must be provided: - notification in technical information about the presence of dangerous places in the competition area, ways to bypass them, methods of fencing; - appropriate safety measures on roads passing through the competition area, if it is not possible to plan the distance so that participants do not cross such roads; - warning team representatives and participants about unfavorable environmental conditions: unsuitability of water bodies for drinking and swimming, the presence of dangerous insects, etc.; - clearing ski slopes, installing warning signs before dangerous slopes, preventing participants from going to snowless areas or water with thin ice; - marking on the map and fencing areas prohibited for running; - notifying participants about the need to observe certain precautions when passing certain sections of the distance; - notifying participants about actions in case of loss of orientation.

3.12.2. For beginner competitions, the area must be clearly demarcated by visible landmarks or markings (of which competitors must be informed).

3.12.3. CP controllers and distance service judges located in the competition area have the right to show clearly lost participants the way to the finish. CP controllers must be informed about this.

3.12.4. In exceptionally unfavorable weather conditions, and in the event of other unforeseen force majeure circumstances that threaten the safety of participants, the Chief Judge (in agreement with the Competition Controller, if any) has the right to make changes to the competition program: postpone the start time, the order of events, cancel the start . In the latter case, the starting (application) fees are not refunded.

3.14. Environmental measures

3.14.1. The organizer and participants of the competition are obliged to comply with all environmental regulations in the competition area. The FSO of Russia and local federations have the right, based on environmental considerations, to introduce in certain areas restrictions on the number of mass starts in one summer season, as well as on the maximum number of participants visiting one control point.

3.14.2. In the case of creating field camps to accommodate participants, all environmental and safety requirements must be met.

3.15. Information support for competitions

3.15.1. Information support for competitions is aimed at obtaining timely, equally accessible information about competitions, terrain and distances for all participants.

3.15.2. Preliminary general information about the competitions of the official calendar of the FSO of Russia (bulletin No. 1) must be published (distributed to all regional (territorial) FSO and other participating organizations) no later than 6 months before the competition, and must contain the most comprehensive information:

4. Ensuring fairness of competitionsin orienteering and determining the winner

4.1. Ensuring fairness of competitions 4.1.1. All persons taking part in orienteering competitions must maintain honesty and fairness, sports relations and a spirit of friendship towards each other, officials, journalists, and residents of the competition area.

4.1.2. With the exception of accidents, external assistance to competition participants is prohibited. All participants are obliged to help injured athletes.

4.1.3. In agreement with the organizing organization, the Organizer must announce in advance the location of the competition and the areas permitted and prohibited for training.

4.1.4. Obtaining any information regarding the map and competition distances other than what is officially announced is prohibited.

4.2. Results and places

4.2.1. The result of a participant (relay team) in competitions in a given direction is determined by the time spent covering the distance from the moment of start (technical start, if any) to the finish.

A higher place is awarded to the athlete with a lower result.

The result and place of the participant in optional competitions is determined in accordance with clause 3.3.1.

The result and place of the participant in competitions on a marked route is determined in accordance with clause 3.4.7.6.

4.2.2. If in a competition in a given direction with a time trial, several athletes have the same result, they are awarded the same place. They must appear on the score sheet in the order in which they started. After the participants who showed the same result, there are as many unoccupied places as there are participants who have the same result, minus one.

4.2.3. Place in competitions with a general start, as well as in competitions with a delayed start (pursuit race), is determined by the order of arrival at the finish line.

The place in the relay is determined by the order in which the athletes of the last stage arrive at the finish line.

4.2.4. If a participant's result is cancelled, his place will not be determined.

If the result of a relay team member is canceled, the team’s place is not determined.

4.2.5. The result and place of the team in individual and team competitions and the team’s place in the complex competition are determined according to the conditions defined by the Regulations.

Places are assigned only to participants and teams specified in the Regulations.

4.2.6. The results are considered approved if, 1 hour after the publication of preliminary results and control charts on “MT” and “T O”, no protests or statements were received, or immediately after a decision was made on the last protest or statement.

4.2.7. If two or more participants took the same prize place, each of them must receive the corresponding prize, medal and (or) diploma.

4.3. Applications, protests, appeals

4.3.1. If you disagree with the preliminary result, a written statement is submitted to the Chief Secretary. If the decision on the application does not satisfy the representative (participant), a protest is filed.

Protests are reviewed by the Chief.

If the protest is related to the result, it must be submitted no later than 1 hour after the publication of the preliminary result.

4.3.2. A protest against a violation of the Rules or Regulations on the competition can be filed by a team representative, and in competitions where the participant can declare independently - by the participant himself or the coach in writing no later than an hour after the finish line closes.

4.3.3. A protest against a participant’s admission to the competition must be submitted no later than 1 hour after the publication of the start protocols and must be considered before the start. If it is impossible to make a decision before the start, the participant is allowed to start under protest, and a decision on the protest is made before the results are approved.

4.3.5. If the decision of the Chief Judge on the filed protest does not satisfy the protester, he has the right to appeal to the jury. The appeal must be considered within an hour. If a longer consideration is required on the facts set out in the protest and appeal, then a decision must be made before the results are approved.

4.2.6. Protests and appeals are submitted free of charge.

5. Requirements for participants in a sports competition

5.1. Competition participants

5.1.1. To maintain equal wrestling conditions for all participants, competitions are held by age groups. An athlete’s belonging to a particular age group is determined by gender and the calendar year in which he reaches the corresponding age.

“OL” For ski orienteering, the first competition of the winter season calendar is considered the beginning of the calendar year.

The symbol of the group (index) consists of the initial letter of the gender of the participants and a number that determines the maximum age of the athlete performing in this group for junior groups and the minimum for veteran groups. Within age groups, groups can be formed according to the complexity and length of the distance and the sports qualifications of the participants. The corresponding group designations are Zh21A, Zh21B, M21A, M21B, M21AK, etc. Groups ME - M Elite and ZhE - Zh Elite are used in competitions with distances of the “master of sports” class for men and women of the main age groups M21 and W21.

5.1.2. Official competitions are held in the following age groups (the age indicated by the number located after the word “before” is not included in this age category) boys, girls (up to 11 years old) boys, girls 8 - 10 years old (M10, Zh10) all disclins; boys, girls (up to 13 years old) boys, girls 11 - 12 years old (M12, W12) all disciplines; boys, girls (up to 15 years old) boys, girls 13 - 14 years old (M14, W14) all disciplines; boys, girls (up to 17 years old) boys, girls 15 - 16 years old (M16, W16) cross-country disciplines; boys, girls (up to 18 years old) boys, girls 15 - 17 years old (M17, W17) skiing and cyclocross disciplines; boys, girls (up to 19 years old) boys, girls 17 - 18 years old (M18, W18) cross-country disciplines; juniors, junior women (under 21 years old) juniors, junior orcs 19 - 20 years old (M20, W20) all disciplines; men, women 21 years and older (M21, W21) all disciplines.

5.1.3. The composition of age group participants for specific competitions is determined by the Regulations. 5.1.

4. At competitions held by orienteering federations and other organizations, other formation of age groups is allowed: - At competitions for athletes aged 20 years and younger, it is possible to form groups for each year of birth or for educational classes.

In competitions for men and women over 30 years of age, groups may be formed at intervals of 5 or 10 years. In this case, sports categories and titles are not assigned.

5.2. Admission to competitions.

5.2.1. Admission to competitions is carried out on the basis of the Regulations.

5.2.2. Women (juniors, girls, girls) have the right to compete in the corresponding men's groups, unless prohibited by the Regulations.

5.2.3. Juniors, juniors, young men, girls, boys, girls have the right to compete in the next, older age group from those recommended by the Rules, if permitted by the Regulations, with the permission of the Competition Jury (or the Chief Judge), with special permission from a medical institution and coach .

5.2.4. Juniors, juniors, boys, girls, boys, girls do not have the right to compete in a younger age group

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ABSTRACT

on the topic: “Orienteering competitions”

1. Organization and holding of orienteering competitions

2. Safety precautions during tourist events

Bibliography

1. Organization and holding of orienteering competitions

Orienteering is a sport in which participants, using a sports map and compass, must pass control points (CP) located on the ground. Results are usually determined by the time it takes to complete the course (including penalty time in certain cases) or by the number of points scored.

Orienteering is one of the few sports where competitors act individually, out of sight of coaches, judges, spectators, and even rivals. Therefore, to achieve the goal, good preparation is necessary, in which there are two main components: orienteering technique (working with a map and compass) and terrain movement technique (running or skiing). An orienteering athlete needs to have an excellent knowledge of topography, be fluent in using a compass, confidently read a map, quickly and correctly choose a path through unfamiliar terrain, and have high strong-willed qualities.

Orienteering competitions are held in different groups, formed both by age and skill level of the participants. According to the nature of the competition, there are: personal - the results are counted separately for each participant; team - the results of individual participants count towards the team as a whole; personal-team - results are counted separately for each participant and the team as a whole.

Competitions are divided into the following types: orienteering in a given direction; on a marked route; optionally.

Orientation in a given direction is the passage of checkpoints marked on the map and located on the ground in a given order. In order to disperse the participants, it is allowed to use different orders for different parts of the distance to be completed by different participants, but in the end everyone must cover the same distance. A single start is recommended for participants. The result is determined by the time spent covering the distance from the technical start to the finish. If a participant violated the order of passing a checkpoint or missed a checkpoint, his result will not be counted.

Orientation on a marked route is the passage of a distance with the location of checkpoints installed on the route marked on the map. Most often, competitions are held in winter. The location of the control point is marked on the map only at the next point by piercing it at the appropriate point with a punch or needle. In the latter case, the puncture is marked with a cross-cross mark using a colored pencil on the CP. The last control point is applied at the “line of the last control point mark”. For an error in applying the CP by more than 2 mm, the participant receives a penalty time of 1 minute. for every full or incomplete 2 mm. The maximum penalty that can be imposed for an error in applying one CP is 3 minutes. At mass discharge distances, the maximum penalty is 5 minutes. The participant’s result is determined by the sum of the time spent completing the distance and the penalty time. Ski orienteering championships are held every two years.

In optional orienteering, the participant at the start receives a map with checkpoints marked. Each CP is marked with a number that indicates its “cost” in points. The ultimate goal of the participants in this competition is to score the most points by finding the CP in a certain time, the same for everyone (usually 1 hour). Each athlete independently chooses for himself the most valuable and realistic route according to his strength. Passing all checkpoints is not necessary.

Orientation by choice for beginners is the passage of a given number of checkpoints from among those located in the competition area. The choice of checkpoints and the order of their completion is arbitrary - at the discretion of the participant. Repeated access to the same checkpoint is counted only once. The start of the participants is general or group. All control points available in the competition area and their designations are shown on the map. In the competition area, 1.5-2 times more control points are installed than the number that needs to be found. The participant’s result is determined by the time spent completing a given number of checkpoints.

The equipment for an orienteering competition course includes: a map issuing point, a starting point, an orienteering start point, checkpoints, a line and a finishing place, and in competitions on a marked course - the path of movement of the participants.

For control gear equipment and the starting point of orientation, a sign is used in the form of a triangular prism with a side of 30x30 cm. Each face is divided by a diagonal from the lower left to the upper right corner (a white field at the top, orange or red at the bottom).

For the competition, forested areas with an area of 2-4 km 2 are selected - city parks and recreation areas located near the educational institution. Areas of mass competitions must meet certain conditions (convenient access to the start site by public transport; area of at least 2 km2; good landmarks delimiting the competition area; absence of dangerous places; sufficient passage of the forest; availability of shelters from bad weather in the start-finish area).

One of the important stages in preparing for competitions is preparing the circulation of sports cards. In a number of cities, they are produced centrally by city or regional committees for physical culture and sports and then sold among organizations holding mass competitions. In other cases, cards for competitions are purchased from physical education groups or sports societies that have them in sufficient quantities. Producing large quantities of sports cards at once allows them to be used for 3-4 years. After this period, the cards are adjusted and the circulation is published again. Covering the cards with a transparent film allows you to protect them from rain during competitions and significantly extends their service life. As a rule, a reminder is printed on the cards in the form of a table of symbols, which makes them easier to study and helps when passing the distance of the qualifying competition.

To equip the competition center and courses, 3-4 people are involved who have experience working as course directors at orienteering competitions. The most important thing in the work of the distance service is planning the route, in which you should not get carried away with setting up complex checkpoints, but you should not allow the competition to turn into a cross-country race on the roads.

To prepare the distance in accordance with the parameters, it is advisable to place the control points so that the average distance between them is about 500 m. This corresponds to their placement at the vertices of equilateral triangles with a side length of 500 m. If the terrain features do not allow these parameters to be maintained, small deviations in side of decreasing the length of the distance with a simultaneous increase in the number of control points.

For control gear equipment, either standard red-white prisms or stationary red-white columns are used. Sometimes trees and fence corners, pre-painted, are used for CP. Checkpoints are equipped with means of marking with which competitors are most familiar. Composters and colored pencils are most often used for these purposes. Of the various types of composters, the most convenient for participants and judges are composters with typewriter characters. They squeeze out a letter or number on the participants card. At one control point, 2-3 composters are installed, depending on the number of participants. When using pencils, they are firmly attached to a wire or rope to the CP. At each checkpoint, 2-4 pencils of the same color are hung. They need to be selected in such a way that there is no CP with the same or similar color set of pencils. Pencils are bluntly sharpened on both sides and tied in the middle.

The start and finish places are equipped according to what form of start will be used at the competition (group, general or separate). When holding mass competitions, a separate start is usually used, which allows participants to be assigned mass categories based on the results of the competition. With a separate start, greater independence of the participants at the distance is also ensured. If there are a large number of participants, a scattering system is used at the first checkpoints. To do this, at the start they are assigned the mandatory first checkpoints by marking them accordingly on the map or participant’s card. Control over the mandatory passage of the specified checkpoints is carried out with the help of controllers who are located at the 2-3 checkpoints closest to the start.

When equipping the start and finish corridors, garlands of multi-colored flags are used, as well as start and finish boards. The finish line is arranged in such a way as to ensure the reception of participants from all possible directions. To count the referee's time, a flip clock-scoreboard is installed in a visible place in the start-finish area. In the start-finish area, it is recommended to equip an information board on which samples of filling out control cards, competition control cards and operational information about preliminary results and finishing participants are posted.

The results of the competition are processed by 2-3 secretary judges. They calculate the results using the cards of the finishing participants, and also check the correctness of the mark on the checkpoint. In each cell of the control card, any mark must be made with a pencil hanging on the control card, or a composter imprint. The number of marks must correspond to the number of checkpoints.

If there is any uncertainty regarding the mark, the participant is called to the panel of judges and the issue of compliance with the standard is decided on the spot. Often the reason for breaking the mark is lack of awareness and accident. In such cases, it is allowed to count the results by reducing it by one point (when determining the team championship) or adding a penalty time for a missed or unmarked CP. In case of failure to take more than one control point or other violations, the result is not counted, however, the athlete has the right to re-participate in the competition on one of the following days on the schedule.

Based on the processed cards, a personal competition report is drawn up separately for men and women. It indicates the surname, initials of the student or student, the number of the training group, the result shown, the sports category performed and the norm of the GTO complex, as well as the number of points earned by the participant. When holding a team championship, a competition report is also drawn up separately for team results, which indicates the number of points scored by group members and the place taken. The protocols are drawn up in two copies.

2. Safety precautions during tourist events

Currently, physical education groups have begun to conduct more various mass tourist events, rallies and competitions, and an important task in their conduct is ensuring safety.

Preparation and conduct of events must be carried out in strict accordance with the Instructions for organizing and conducting tourist trips, expeditions and excursions (travels) with pupils, pupils and students of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR dated July 13, 1992 No. 293.

The instructions are constantly being improved by experienced tourist teachers in order to assist group leaders, streamline the conduct of hikes, and increase safety.

This document clearly defines the rights and responsibilities of the institution conducting the hike, the leader and members of the group, the procedure for preparing, registering and conducting the hike. The instructions give a complete picture of the actions of the group leader from the beginning of the preparation of the trip to its completion and summing up. Compliance with it is mandatory for all groups of students, regardless of which institution (organization) is organizing the event. For violation of instructions, the group leader and his deputy bear disciplinary liability, unless these violations entail other liability provided for by law.

When organizing hikes, the safety of their participants largely depends on correct and timely preparation. Even the simplest weekend hike contains elements of danger, especially for inexperienced tourists. Therefore, preparation for a hike of any complexity should be carried out with the utmost care. First of all, documents must be prepared for any tourism event.

First of all, the administration of the institution organizing the trip issues an order in which it appoints a leader and his deputy, at least 18 years of age, for a group of 15 or more participants. The order is delivered to the appointed responsible persons against signature. Appointed responsible persons provide instructions on labor protection to participants of a walk, hike, excursion, expedition with an entry in a journal in the established form.

The leader is directly responsible for the preparation of the group. He is obliged to identify dangerous areas on the route in advance and outline ways to overcome them. It determines the order of movement, tactics and technique of passing individual sections. If unforeseen difficulties arise that threaten the life and health of people, the leader can not only change the route, but even stop the trip altogether. safety competition orienteering compass

This order determines the size of the group, the timing of the trip, and its route. The same order places responsibility on the head and his deputy for the life and health of children and the safety of the event, for the implementation of its plan, the content of recreational, educational and educational work, compliance with fire safety rules, nature protection, historical and cultural monuments.

Each tourist group must have itinerary documents. When conducting a weekend hike or excursion, the group leader is given a route sheet of the established form, certified by the leader’s signature and the seal of the institution.

When going on a definitive route, as well as on hikes of I-III degrees of difficulty in the off-season, use a route book of the established standard. The group leader submits application documents to the route qualification commission (RQC), which is authorized to consider the route of this difficulty category.

The IWC is an expert public body that is created to provide qualified assistance to the leaders of tourist groups in preparing trips. ICC members are experienced hikers who know hiking areas well. They check the leader’s knowledge of the hiking area, the route and its dangerous sections, methods of overcoming them, emergency exit options in case of unforeseen circumstances, and evaluate the compliance of the declared equipment with the degree of difficulty of the route. If necessary, ICC members give advice to managers on route planning, actions on any difficult sections, logistics of the group, etc.

Based on the results of the interview with the group leader, the ICC members either give a positive opinion and recommendations aimed at more thorough preparation of the event, or speak out against going on the declared route.

The group may be assigned a readiness review in order to ensure on the ground that all participants are sufficiently prepared to complete this route. At the same time, tourists are invited to complete tasks similar to those they will have to complete on the route (often without the participation of the group leader). Another effective way to check the readiness of a group to go on a route is its participation in tourist rallies and competitions. All this is organized with one goal - to maximize the safety of the hike: after all, no one will advise the leader on the route.

In case of a positive conclusion by the ICC, the group is registered and receives a route book, which contains all the information about the group and its route.

Particular attention should be paid to the composition of the tourist group. Its quantitative composition depends on the goals of the trip. If this is a simple walk in nature, outside the city, then a larger group is possible; if it is a non-categorical training hike, the group should not be too large.

Children who have undergone appropriate training, medical examination and have no contraindications due to health conditions are allowed to participate in events. Taking into account the increasing complexity of routes by category, the age of participants is regulated. Persons who have reached the age of 13 are allowed to hikes and trips of the first category of difficulty, those of the second category - no younger than 14 years, and the third category - no younger than 15 years.

In hikes of I and II categories of difficulty, one third of the members of the tourist group can be children under the age specified above, who participate in hikes together with their parents or close relatives who are responsible for them.

No less important for safety is the choice of the route itself. Before carrying out a walk, hiking trip, excursion, expedition, designated responsible persons must study and inspect the route for the absence of dangerous factors.

Non-categorical hike routes must be maintained in proper order. They are marked, signs for trails, roads, convenient places for parking, possible crossings, as well as special signs to bypass potentially dangerous places are installed on them. For these routes, special cards are issued in which the most difficult places are recorded. The cards are kept in the tourist section or tourist club, and all tourists can use the route card index.

As for a definitive hike, its route is developed by the tourist group itself in each individual case, in compliance with all safety measures and rules. The physical, technical and tactical training of the participants is of primary importance for the safety of the trip.

Properly selected hiking equipment plays an important role in the safety of the route. The list depends on the duration and complexity of the hike, and on weather conditions. The leader of the trip, together with the group, must think through the equipment in advance, and the tourist section bureau must check its availability in the physical education team and, if necessary, replenish it.

Under normal conditions, on a weekend hike, the list of equipment is small, but still, for unforeseen circumstances, you need to have a spare set of underwear, warm socks and mittens - on ski trips, life-saving equipment - on water trips, as well as matches in a special package, a compass, a diagram route, first aid kit, repair kit. In definitive trips, the presence of special equipment is mandatory and is checked by the IWC when reviewing application materials.

During a walk, hike, excursion, expedition, participants must maintain discipline, follow all instructions of the leader and his deputy, not independently change the established route and not leave the group’s location at rest stops.

During halts, in order to avoid burns and forest fires, it is not allowed to make fires. To avoid poisoning, it is forbidden to taste any plants, fruits and mushrooms, and to avoid infection with gastrointestinal diseases, drink water from open, untested reservoirs. You are allowed to drink drinking water in a flask, which you must take with you, or boiled water. It is forbidden to touch poisonous and dangerous animals, reptiles, insects, as well as thorny plants and shrubs with your hands.

While moving, to avoid being bitten by insects and reptiles and injuring your feet, do not take off your shoes or walk barefoot. It is allowed to use only serviceable, tested equipment, equipment and inventory.

To provide first aid for injuries, it is imperative to have a first aid kit with a set of necessary medications and dressings.

At the end of the event, check the list of participants, their condition and hand over the tourist equipment for storage.

If the tourist group does not reach a certain point on the route within the established control period and no information has been received from it, search and rescue operations begin immediately.

Thus, in order to ensure safety during tourist events, it should be remembered that only a set of measures can ensure accident-free operation on tourist routes and during public events.

Bibliography

1. Vyatkin L.A. Tourism and orienteering: textbook for universities / L.A. Vyatkin, E.V. Sidorchuk, D.N. Nemytov. - M.: Academy, 2004. - 208 p.

2. Instructions for organizing and conducting tourist trips, expeditions and excursions (travels) with students, pupils and students of the Russian Federation. Appendix 1 to the order of the Ministry of Education No. 293 of July 13, 1992

3. Popchikovsky V.Yu. Organization and conduct of tourist trips / V.Yu. Popchikovsky. - M.: Profizdat, 1987. - 224 p.

4. Tourism and orienteering. Textbook for institutes and technical physics. cult. / Comp. V.I Ganapolsky. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1987. - 240 p.

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