Small-caliber rifles: characteristics and price. Sports and hunting small-bore rifles

In the field of sporting weapons, only high-quality but expensive TsKIB SOO rifles are presented on the Russian market, as well as imported models, the cost of which cannot be called affordable either. TOZ-120 is a hunting and sporting version of the famous TOZ-34.

Strictly speaking, TOZ-120 was created on the basis of TOZ-91, and not TOZ-34. The rifle appeared in 2000, the model was developed by designer E. G. Starukhin: while maintaining the advantages of the previous version, he managed to eliminate its shortcomings.

Despite its sporting “accessory”, the TOZ-120 is actively used in commercial and amateur hunting. Just like other small-caliber rifles of the Tula Arms Plant, the TOZ-120 is distinguished by its reliability and long service life. From the basic version, the TOZ-120 inherited the locking system and barrel group, which is understandable: their original design has been time-tested.

The main structural difference of the gun is the structure of the trigger mechanism.

An overview of the TOZ-120 gun is given in this video:

Advantages and disadvantages

TOZ-120 is a classic “over-and-under”, that is, a rifle with a vertical barrel arrangement for 12 gauge. It is produced in several modifications, including in a piece version. The latter is distinguished not only by its beautiful design, but also by a different barrel shape. The basic model is usually made with a narrowing barrel, and the piece model can be made with one or two cylindrical channels.

The advantages of TOZ-120 are as follows.

• Accuracy of fire - this parameter to some extent depends on the narrowing of the barrel and the design of the double-barreled shotgun. When the muzzle drop is reduced from 1.25% to 0%, the accuracy improves from 65 to 35. The data is given for shooting at a distance of 35 m with a fractional projectile. Indicators of sports models below - 50 are the best result.
• The weight of the rifle remains minimal: the heaviest model weighs 3.7 kg.
• The gun can be used at temperatures from -30 to +30 in any natural zone with the exception of the tropical.
• The firing mechanism has undergone the greatest alteration compared to TOZ-91. In a regular double-barreled shotgun, to fire from both barrels, you need to press two triggers in turn. The TOZ-120 has one trigger, which provides a selector sequence of shots. This option is much more convenient. The sequence is switched by moving the lever located on the neck of the butt.
• The ability to choose a muzzle with or without a constriction, as well as any combination of them in a double-barreled shotgun, allows you to choose any type. In addition, the Tula plant (known for such models as, etc.). offers models with replaceable muzzle liners - marked with the letter B.
• The ejection of the cartridge case is ensured by the action of the ejector. In this case, only the spent cartridge case is ejected, and the cartridge is only slightly displaced.
• On the standard model the chamber is 70 mm long. However, there are modifications with a chamber length of 76 mm - for magnum cartridges.
• The stock is made of walnut or beech wood. It can be decorated with a notch or engraving - in this case the gun slips less in the hand. The butt has a cheekpiece for ease of shooting.

Despite the improvements made, the model still has shortcomings that need to be addressed.

• The handguard is too thick and is designed for large palms.
• The lever responsible for selecting the sequence acts as a mechanical fuse. An automatic one, like on the Izhevsk MP-233, would be more reliable.
• Notches and carvings, although they are practical in nature, do not belong to highly artistic images, with the exception of piece models.

Photo of the TOZ-120 gun

Purpose

12 gauge is the most popular gauge among hunters. Accordingly, a rifle of this kind is also in demand. Used for hunting medium and small animals and birds.

The sports version of the gun is designed for high-precision shooting in different conditions. The Tula plant produces versions for trench and round stands and for training in sports shooting.

Varieties

Several versions of the TOZ-120 are produced both for hunting and for sports shooting. They are classified primarily on this basis.

Basic models - with chambers of different lengths for conventional ammunition and magnum cartridges. The modifications are as follows:

• TOZ-120-12-1E– 12/70 cartridges, the rifle is equipped with an ejector;
• TOZ-120-12M-1E– with an ejector, but designed for magnum cartridges;
• TOZ-120-12V-1E– for standard 12/70 ammunition, but is equipped not only with an ejector, but also with replaceable muzzle liners. This model is more universal;
• TOZ-120-1MV-1E– is similar in configuration to the previous model, but is designed for magnum cartridges.

Sporting versions of the rifle are designed for shooting in different conditions. The Tula plant offers the following models:

• TOZ-120-12-1E– option for trench shooting;
• TOZ-120-1K– a model that is used on a round stand;
• TOZ-120-12-1S– educational model, designed for training in sports shooting.

In addition, the company produces double-barreled shotguns with 20 gauge.

Specifications

If the design of the rifle is considered by some to be too simple, “outdated,” then the performance characteristics of the TOZ-120 gun are still valuable. The differences between the different modifications are not that big.

The weight is given for an unloaded double-barreled shotgun.

Design

Structurally, the TOZ-120 rifle is divided into 3 parts: barrels, a box with a butt and a forend.

• The trunks are removable and located in a vertical plane. Made from the strongest barrel steel, the barrel channels are chrome-plated. On hunting rifles, as a rule, barrels with a narrowing are installed; a combination with different narrowing is possible. On sports cars they often use cylindrical ones.

The barrels are connected to the box using hinges and trunnions on the locking frame - 2 axle shafts that rest on the bearing. The trunnion-type connection allows you to reduce the height of the receiver and significantly simplifies the process of separating the barrels.

• The sight is mechanical - ventilated rail.
• The receiver is attached to the butt with a coupling screw. The butt is made of wood - walnut, beech, and is equipped with a cheek piece.
• The trigger-type trigger is located on a separate base and is made according to the selector type. To determine the firing order, there is a selector switch in the form of a lever on the neck of the butt. The initial combination is that the lower barrel fires first, the top barrel fires second. When you switch the lever, the order changes. The trigger is equipped with a safety cock and a non-automatic safety, which eliminates accidental shooting. The extreme right or left position of the safety denotes the “fire” position, the extreme rear - “safety”.
• The chamber is chrome plated. The sleeves are pulled out each with their own ejector. The fired one is ejected by an automatic ejector, the unfired one remains in place. Spent cartridges are removed when opening the rifle.

Receivers and stocks can be decorated with carvings or engravings.

TOZ-120 with wood engraving

Options and packaging

The rifle's configuration is extremely simple:

• cardboard box;
• Passport products.

This video shows the disassembly of the TOZ-120 smoothbore shotgun:

Operating principle

The design of TOZ-120 is very simple. According to some hunters, this is a disadvantage. On the other hand, such a model is ideal for a beginner, for whom the complex design of the rifle will be an insurmountable obstacle.

When opening the gun, the following happens:

• the lever is pulled to the right until it stops - at the same time, the locking axis pushes the locking frame out of the groove;
• under the action of a spring, the stop moves the pusher behind the forehead of the box. At the same time, the locking lever is fixed;
• open the gun - the ejector sears exert pressure on the cockers, which, in turn, cock the hammers. The spring presses the firing pins behind the plane of the receiver's forehead;
• when fully opened, cartridges and cartridges that have misfired are reflected. The reflection mechanism can be removed: to do this, remove the forend and screw in a special switch as far as possible. To reactivate the function, the switch is returned to its original position: in this case, the handguard is assembled with a box without a vertical slot.

When closing, the operating mechanism is as follows:

• the ejectors retract, but the hammers remain cocked;
• the barrels press the pusher, which, in turn, inserts the stop into the groove of the locking lever. This releases the lever;
• The locking axis, under spring pressure, drives the locking frame into the groove, and the lever moves along the axis of the rifle.

If the gun is new, the lever may not reach the axle. Before shooting, you must indicate the order of shots. To do this, the fuse is moved to the right position - the lower barrel fires first, the upper one second, or to the left position - the upper one shoots first, the lower one second.

Point the TOZ-120 at the target and press the hook. In this case, the disconnector moves to the second sear to fire the second shot. When pressed again, the second barrel fires. The trigger pull may be slightly higher than with the first shot.

The use of sporting cartridges on hunting versions of the TOZ-120 is not allowed. It is also not allowed to increase the mass of gunpowder and shot in the cartridge.

Disassembly

Partial disassembly is necessary when cleaning and lubricating TOZ-120. The full one is made only for repairs and only in a weapons workshop.

Partial implies the following actions:

• check that there are no cartridges in the chamber;
• press the latch and, moving the forend down and forward, remove it from the barrels;
• turn the locking lever to the right, open the barrels and disconnect them from the box;
• bring the lever to the right to the limit, retract the pusher and release the lever so that it returns to the position along the axis.

The TOZ 12 rifle is designed for biathlon and consists of a barrel, receiver, bolt, trigger, stock, diopter sight and interchangeable front sight.

The barrel is steel with a rifled channel, with six rifling, curling from left to top to right, the chamber is chambered for a side-by-side fire cartridge. There is a recess at the muzzle of the barrel that protects the bore from damage. The barrel is connected to the box by two guide cylinders and threads.

The receiver is used to house the bolt. The rifled part connects it to the barrel. An insert is placed in the receiver. The trigger mechanism is attached to the bottom of the receiver. On the rear side, the receiver is closed with a rear cover. On the right side there is an outlet hole for the release of escaped powder gases. The receiver has a window for loading the rifle with a cartridge and ejecting spent cartridges, and an elbow groove for moving the bolt handle. The lower part of the groove serves as a combat stop. On the rear side the receiver has a tail with a hole for a tail screw. In its front part, below, there is a rigid, fixed pyramidal stop, which was introduced in 1954 for a more uniform attachment of the barrel to the stock.

The insert ensures correct feeding of cartridges into the chamber. It has a longitudinal guide groove with bevels, a reflective protrusion for reflecting spent cartridges, a groove for the passage of the bolt rammer and a threaded hole. The rear cover (or receiver cap) with spikes for grip prevents the bolt from falling out of the receiver, and also protects the shooter's eye from being burned in the event of a gas breakthrough during shooting.

The trigger mechanism consists of a trigger, a trigger spring with a stand, a fastening screw and an axis. The rear part of the trigger spring strut serves as a sear, and the front part serves as a bolt stop.

The shutter is longitudinally sliding with rotation. Serves to chamber a cartridge, lock the barrel, fire a shot, and remove a spent cartridge case from the chamber. The bolt consists of a combat cylinder, a bolt stem with a handle, a hammer, a mainspring, an ejector hammer, an axle lock, springs, a clutch and two pins for the clutch and the hammer.

The combat cylinder serves to connect all parts of the bolt. It has a channel for the firing pin, mainspring and clutch, a cup for the cartridge head, a cartridge rammer, grooves for the ejector and the cartridge case retainer with springs. In the rear part the combat larva has a limiting ledge, in the front part there is a hole for the striker.

The bolt stem has a handle, large cutouts, small cutouts and a channel, the base of the bolt handle, which locks.

The trigger has protrusions, a cocking mechanism, a rifled hole, and a hole for a pin. The trigger is screwed onto the firing pin.

The firing pin has a tail threaded part, a longitudinal slot, a rim, a blade and a firing pin. The mainspring and coupling are put on the firing pin.

The mainspring serves to impart movement to the striker.

The coupling has a hole for a pin.

The sighting device consists of a diopter sight and a front sight. The sight consists of a body with an adapter bar, a square, a square clamping screw, a drum of a micrometric screw for vertical corrections, a drum of a micrometric screw for horizontal corrections, a plate and a diopter base. The transition strip has a longitudinal dovetail cutout. A protrusion is reinforced under this cutout on the receiver on the left side. The transition strip is pushed onto the ledge and secured with a clamping pin. By moving the bar, you can increase or decrease the length of the aiming line at the shooter’s request. The sight square has horizontal and vertical micrometric adjustment screws with drums. There are two scales on the square - one for horizontal and the other for vertical corrections. The price of one click is 0.6--0.8 mm.

The front sight consists of a body, two rectangular front sights (2.75 and 2.25 mm), two ring front sights (3.5 and 2.75 mm) and a nut.

The stock (semi-pistol type) consists of a fore-end, a neck and a butt. To protect the trigger, a trigger guard is attached to the bottom of the stock. The rifle is disassembled as necessary, as well as during inspection and replacement of worn out or broken parts. The rifle can be disassembled when the barrel is found to be in contact with the fore-end stock or when adjusting the trigger. The rifle must be disassembled if it has been exposed to rain or is very dusty. Disassembly of the rifle can be incomplete or complete. The rifle is disassembled in the following sequence.

Partial disassembly: separate the back cover; remove the bolt and, if necessary, disassemble it. For complete disassembly you need to: separate the barrel from the stock; disassemble the trigger mechanism; separate the liner from the receiver. If disassembly is incomplete, you need to separate the back cover, remove the bolt and disassemble it, if necessary.

To do this, place the rifle on a table or cleaning machine, grasp the neck of the stock with your left hand, and press the trigger with the index finger of your left hand. At the same time, with your right hand, turn the bolt handle upwards to the left and pushing it back, lightly tapping the bolt on the cap to move it from its place, separate it from the receiver and remove the bolt. Taking the bolt in your left hand, turn the stem handle until the through holes of the bolt stem are aligned with the mainspring clutch pin; Place the bolt on the table, knock out the clutch pin with a punch and separate the firing pin with the mainspring, clutch and trigger. Then remove the bolt stem with the handle from the combat cylinder. And, if necessary, unscrew the trigger and remove the mainspring. To do this, leaning the side of the firing pin on the table, compress the mainspring, insert a match into the groove of the firing pin and knock out the trigger pin, then, rotating the trigger clockwise, unscrew it. Having compressed the spring, remove the coupling and mainspring from the firing pin. If necessary, knock out the ejector pin and sleeve holder and separate them from the stem, making sure that their springs do not jump out and get lost.

Complete disassembly: unscrew the tail screw, then the stop screw and separate the receiver with the barrel from the stock. Holding the barrel with your palm and the trigger upward, unscrew the trigger spring screw, then knock out the trigger pin and separate the trigger from the trigger spring. Remove the liner from the receiver.

Rifle assembly. Place the liner into the receiver, place the separated trigger into the eyes of the trigger spring with the protrusions facing outward and insert the axle.

Attach the trigger mechanism, to do this, place the barrel with the sight down, with the index finger of your left hand through the receiver window, holding the liner, put the trigger mechanism in place with your right hand, making sure that the sear goes into the hole on the receiver, and screw in the trigger spring screw until it stops .

Then place the stock with the fore-end on the table and, holding it by the neck, lower the upper part of the barrel into the groove of the fore-end, directing the tail of the trigger into its slot and carefully lowering the receiver into its socket. Place the rifle vertically and, holding it with your left hand, first screw in the stop screw with your right hand, then the tail screw.

Assembling the bolt: place the ejector and sleeve holder springs into their sockets, then insert the ejector into its slot with the tooth facing the hole for the firing pin to exit and align the holes on the ejector and on the firing cylinder, insert the axle and seat it in place so that its end is flush with the plane of the combat larva. Only in this case will the bolt fit into the receiver. The sleeve holder is also attached. The bolt stem is placed on the stump of the bolt frame so that the protrusion in the channel of the bolt stem is opposite the cut on the stump. Before putting the firing pin in place, hold the clutch with the index finger and thumb of your left hand, rest the firing pin against some kind of wooden stand and compress the mainspring.

At the same time, with your right hand, place a match into the slot of the striker between the coupling and the trigger, after which the mainspring is gradually released.

After this, cut off the ends of the match flush with the edges of the coupling and turn the coupling so that its hole is opposite the firing pin slot. The firing pin prepared in this way can be inserted into the channel of the bolt stem.

To do this, taking the bolt with the flat part up in your left hand, insert the firing pin into the channel of the bolt stem with your right hand with the firing pin facing up and push the firing pin forward until it stops.

Holding the bolt in your left hand, turn the bolt stem with your right hand so that the hole on the stem is opposite the hole on the stump of the combat larva. After this, insert the pin and use a thin drift to put it in place.

The end of the pin should not protrude beyond the plane of the stump, so as not to interfere with the rotation of the bolt stem. Having pulled back the striker, use a punch to push the end of the match out of the striker slot.

Before inserting the bolt into the receiver, the bolt stem is turned to the left so that the trigger protrusions fit into the small semicircular cutouts of the stem.

Press the tail of the trigger with the index finger of the left hand, and insert the bolt into the channel of the receiver with the right hand. Then, having brought the bolt forward, turn its handle to the right and put the back cover (receiver cap) in place.

Specifications

Rice. 9. Diagram of TOZ-91-12, TOZ-91-12E mechanisms (gun closed)

1 - barrels, 10 - box, 15 - spring, 18 - firing pin, 19 - button, 20 - safety spring, 25 - shank, 30 - right trigger, 31 - left trigger, 32 - locking frame, 33 - firing pin. 45 - left sear, 46 - safety bracket, 53 - butt, 57 - screw, 75 - rear trigger, 76 - front trigger, 77 - screw, 74 - axle.

5.2.1. When opening TOZ-91-12, TOZ-91-12E, the bevels of the slides 73, located in the hinge 67, act on the cockers 24 and 26, which cock the hammers 30 and 31 with the main springs 36. The cocked hammers are held by the corresponding sears 45 and 51. Strikers 18 and 33, under the action of springs 15, are pressed beyond the plane of the forehead, boxes 10.

The released stop 29 is pulled out by a spring 34 behind the front of the box and fixes the locking mechanism in the retracted position.

The protrusions of the box "a" act on the ejector, which moves out of the groove of the barrels along with the sleeves -

5.2.2. When opening TOZ-91-12-1E. T03.91-12E, TOZ-91-12-1T, TOZ-91-12-1K, TOZ-91-12-1S superchargers 5 and 9 rest against the protrusions “a” of the box and, moving backwards, cock the ejector springs 7. At the end of the rotation of the barrels, the sears 63 and 64 (Fig. 4) release the ejectors, which, under the action of cocked springs, eject the previously extended cartridges.

When opening the gun, when the hammer is cocked, the cocker does not act on the sear. The latter passes the ejector, which smoothly pushes the cartridge out of the chamber.

To convert an automatic fuse into a non-automatic one, it is necessary to remove the rubber back 61, unscrew the coupling screw 57, and in the TOZ-91-12 model, screw 77. Separate the butt 53 from the box and, placing it on the fuse, remove the rod.

To disable the ejector mechanism, you need to remove the forend 71 and screw the switches 65 into the hinge until they stop.

To turn on the ejector mechanism again, turn the switches to a position where the bottom of the slot groove coincides with the plane of the hinge end.

ATTENTION!

If this requirement is not met, the forend will not fit onto the barrel in the assembled gun.

5.3. Interaction of parts when closing the gun. When closing, the triggers remain cocked. Stop 29 is recessed with the rear end of the barrels flush with the front of the box. The released locking axis, under the action of the slider spring 17 (Fig. 10), will rotate and move the locking frame forward, which will tightly lock the barrels, and the locking lever will move into position along the axis of the gun.

It is possible that the locking lever has not reached its axial position. In this case, to ensure complete locking of the barrels, the locking lever should be moved by hand.

The gun is ready to fire.

5.4. Interaction of parts during a shot.

To fire, you must remove the gun from the safety lever (move the safety button 19 to the forward position) and pull the trigger.

5.4.1. In TOZ-91-12, TOZ-91-12E, when you press the trigger (front 76 - for the lower barrel, rear 75 - for the upper), the intercepting tooth of the interceptor 80 moves out of the path of movement of the trigger protrusion "b". The sear disengages from the cocking of the hammer and the hammer, under the action of the mainspring, strikes the firing pin.

The intercepting tooth of the interceptor is activated when the trigger is released from cocking without pressing the trigger.

The trigger may end up on the intercepting tooth of the interceptor even if the gun is not fully opened. The trigger force increases significantly. In this case, it is necessary to cock the hammers by fully opening the gun.

5.4.2 V TOZ-91-12.1, TOZ-91-12-1E, TOZ-91-12-1T. TOZ.91 12, TOZ-91-12-1S with one universal trigger 12 main firing with the “lower-upper barrel” sequence, but shooting “upper-lower barrel” is also possible.

When firing with the “lower-upper barrel” sequence, you must remove safety 22 and pull the trigger; he will raise the disconnector 40, which will turn the right sear 51. The released right trigger 30 will strike the striker of the lower barrel. When the trigger rotates, the trigger device is mechanically switched to fire a shot from the upper barrel.

When you press the trigger again, the left sear 45, raised by the disconnector, will release the left trigger 31, which will strike the striker of the upper barrel.

In this gun, the trigger mechanism is designed in a version that allows firing only with the lower-upper barrel sequence.

Changing the firing order to “upper-lower” can only be done with a closed gun.

To fire with the “upper-lower” sequence, you need to remove the gun from the safety catch, press the back surface of the trigger hook spoke forward until it stops. In this case, the tooth “b” of the disconnector goes under the left sear. The trigger, fixed in the forward position, serves as an indicator for firing a shot from the upper barrel. Returning to the “lower-upper” firing order is carried out by moving the safety button to the “safety” position.

To eliminate a double shot, the trigger device has an inertial-mechanical translator 27.

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

Before using a gun, the hunter must study the safety rules for handling weapons and ammunition set out in the hunting minimum. If used for trench and skeet shooting, the athlete must study the safety rules when handling weapons and the responsibilities of shooters as set out in the current rules of shooting competitions. The hunter should always consider the gun loaded and ready to fire.

Remember! A gun should never be pointed at a person or pet.

The gun should be stored unloaded and with the triggers pulled. Store ammunition in a place inaccessible to unauthorized persons.

When firing bullets, in order to avoid swelling and rupture of the barrels, the diameter measured along the body of the bullet without taking into account the centering ribs must be less than the diameter of the muzzle constriction. For round bullets, this rule can be easily verified by allowing the bullet to pass freely through the choke.

A) use commercially available sporting cartridges for shooting from a hunting rifle, since they develop a pressure higher than the permissible operating pressure for hunting rifles;

B) subject to alteration, leading to a change in the shape, size and interaction of parts and mechanisms of the gun;

C) use non-hunting gunpowder and gunpowder with an expired shelf life, damp and with signs of decomposition, as well as dried smokeless gunpowder and mixtures of gunpowder of various brands;

D) compress a charge of smokeless hunting powder;

D) use an additional igniter made of black powder when equipping;

E) deviate from equipment standards in the direction of increasing the mass of gunpowder and shot.

G) shoot from the barrel if there is water, snow, a stuck bullet, wad, earth, leaves and other foreign objects in it.

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

When starting disassembly, you should first make sure that the gun is not loaded. Check that there are no cartridges in the chambers.

7.1. Disassemble the gun for cleaning and lubrication in the following order:

1) press the latch 54 and, pushing the forend 71 down and forward, remove it from the barrels;

2) turn the locking lever 14 to the right, open the barrels and separate them from the box;

3) move the locking lever to the right until it stops and at the same time press the stop 29 with your finger. Release the lever and it will return to its position along the axis of the gun.

7.2. Reassemble the gun in the reverse order:

1) move the locking lever to the right until it stops:

2) pull out ejectors 6 and 8, put the barrels in the box and turn them on the trunnions until the gun closes;

3) put on the forend. In models with an ejector mechanism, putting on the forend should begin from the latch hook area.

7.3. Complete disassembly and reassembly is carried out in case of emergency and only in a weapons workshop.

The Toz-8 rifle is traditionally used to prepare for sports shooting. Many hunters fell in love with this weapon for its capabilities, which allow them to successfully use the Toz-8 while hunting.

General information about TOZ-8

The gun was developed by engineer D.M. Kochetov. Its design includes a typical rimfire trigger, designed for charges of 5.16x16 millimeters. The long service life of the rifle was ensured by a thick cylindrical barrel. Its length is 640 millimeters.

A lid is used to close the receiver. The front sight has a long base and is made of a cylindrical type. The shutter is longitudinally sliding; after turning the stem, it closes. The design of the rifle does not include a safety.

Specifications:

• For shooting, 5.6 mm caliber cartridges are used;
• The rifle barrel length is 640 millimeters;
• The overall length of the rifle is 1110 millimeters;
• The weight of the unloaded rifle is 3.2 kilograms.

The clutch is installed on the front of the valve, where the diameter narrows. When the shutter is turned, the clutch turns. The Toz-8 stock is made from high-quality birch. For convenience, it is made of a pistol type and has a thickened fore-end.

Toz-8M

This small-caliber weapon is a modified version. Used for sport shooting and small game hunting. The main differences in design are the sighting mechanism. Here it is made of a sector type, which increases shooting efficiency.

Thanks to this device, the shooter can quickly adjust the sight height. The front sight has an additional ring earpiece. The bolt has a smaller diameter and lacks a clutch: this makes reloading more convenient and does not allow gases to escape back. The stock of the Toz-8 sports version received a wider fore-end.

Design of TOZ-8

Rifle barrel

The barrel bore has four screw grooves, each with two turns. The length of the rifling stroke is 35 centimeters. The rifle number and year of manufacture can be found on the sighting block, which is located on the Toz-8 barrel.

The base of the front sight is installed in a longitudinal groove on the front of the barrel. There are two longitudinal grooves on the back of the barrel; they are made for an aiming block. There is also a special stump at the back, to which the receiver is attached using a pin. The barrel and stock are secured with a screw, which is screwed into a transverse groove on the front of the receiver.

Rifle receiver

The bolt and liner are placed in the receiver. The box acts as a base for the firing mechanism. It is made in the form of a simple pipe that looks like an extension of the trunk. The receiver is attached to the stock with a tail screw, which is screwed into the rear part (into the “tail”).

There is a window on the outside that is used for inserting cartridges and ejecting cartridges.

The cap has two functions. The first is closing the receiver channel to protect the shooter’s eyes in the event of powder gases penetrating into it. The second is protection from contamination and eliminating the possibility of the shutter falling out.

Rifle insert

It is located in the receiver and secured with a trigger spring. Created for:

• Directions of the cartridge into the chamber when loading;
• Reflections of cartridges during ejection after a shot;
• Shutter directions when moving forward.

Trigger mechanism

The design of the trigger includes: a trigger, a trigger spring with a stand, a screw and an axis. When the trigger is released from cocking, the spring strut is recessed by the trigger. The trigger is connected by a spring using an axis. The spring is retracted down due to two protrusions on the hook. There is a limit to the movement of the tail, which is provided by a protrusion on the front of the trigger.

The trigger spring ensures that the trigger is cocked and limits the rearward movement of the bolt. It is attached to the receiver with a screw. There is a hole at the rear end through which the axle passes for attachment to the trigger. There are two cuts at the top of the spring: the first is for fixing the hammer in cocking, the second is for limiting the movement of the bolt back.

The trigger guard is attached to the forend with two screws. The trigger passes through a metal spacer with holes under the heels. The hole restricts rearward movement of the trigger.

TOZ-8 sight

The sighting mechanism consists of:

• Aiming block. Used to fix the pin and strengthen the sighting bar spring;
• Sighting bar. Equipped with a mane with a slot used for aiming. The sighting mechanism can be adjusted for shooting at various distances - from 25 to 250 meters. The side edges of the strip are equipped with cutouts for attaching a clamp;
• Clamp;
• Sighting bar spring. Fixes the bar in the required position;
• Front sight.

Gate

The bolt sends the cartridge into the chamber, closes the bore, ejects the cartridge case of the spent charge and is an important element in firing shots. Comprises:

• Combat larva. It is the connecting link of all elements of the shutter. On the right and left there are two grooves for the ejector and sleeve deflector. The larva is equipped with a special cup for placing the ammunition cap. The ejector and reflector sleeve axes are placed in vertical holes. The rammer is located below. The movement of the shutter is limited by a ledge on the rear lower part of the combat cylinder. The stem of the bolt is placed on the stump of the combat larva. Inside it there is a channel for the drummer;
• Ejector. Ejects cartridges from the chamber and receiver using a reflector;
• Sleeve reflector. Fixes the cartridge in the calyx of the larva;
• Bolt. Equipped with a hole through which a pin passes to secure the firing pin with the coupling and the combat cylinder. There are two small and two large cutouts. The large ones are used to pull the trigger back, the small ones to limit the rotation of the stem.

Impact mechanism

The design of the impact mechanism includes:

• Trigger. Designed to install a firing pin on a combat platoon. Attached to the firing pin with threaded holes and a pin;
• Drummer;
• Action spring;
• Clutch. Connects the striker to the combat cylinder;
• Lodge. Connects all parts of the carbine and is responsible for the ease of use of the Toz-8.

Disassembling the TOZ-8 rifle

Incomplete disassembly

• Receiver cap compartment. The finger of the left hand must be pressed on the trigger when the rifle is held by the neck of the stock with the left hand. After this, with your right hand you need to turn the shutter handle as far as possible to the left and up. The bolt is pulled back, easily hits the cap to move it from its place, after which it can be removed from the receiver;
• Removing the shutter. This happens by pressing the trigger (it’s more convenient to do this with the index finger of your left hand) and holding the handle. No effort is required, the shutter can be removed easily;
• Disassembling the shutter. A detailed algorithm with images should be included in the instructions with the gun;
• Removing the trigger. It is not recommended to do this yourself. It is better to entrust the trigger separation to a professional if it is necessary to replace the mainspring, firing pin or clutch;
• Removing the ejector and reflector sleeve. Use a small metal hammer to knock out the stud. After this, the ejector and sleeve ejector are easily removed from their places.

Partial disassembly is used for cleaning weapons. To clean the Toz-8 you can use an alkaline compound, garden solution, gun grease or gun grease. After disassembly, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the bore, then proceed to cleaning the receiver, parts of the bolt, trigger mechanism and stock, following the sequence.

Complete disassembly

It is carried out according to the following algorithm:

• Incomplete disassembly;
• Separation of the barrel from the stock. Having placed the Toz-8 small-caliber rifle with the barrel up, you need to firmly fix it with your left hand, after which you can unscrew the stop screw. Then the carabiner must be placed in a horizontal position and, holding it with your left hand, unscrew the tail screw. Having placed your finger in the receiver, you need to carefully lift it up and remove the barrel;
• Removing the trigger mechanism. The gun must be fixed in the “sight down” position, fix the receiver with your left hand, and unscrew the trigger spring screw. After this, it is easy to separate the trigger mechanism;
• Removing the liner. The carbine is fixed in the “sight up” position. Push the liner with a small stick, after which it will fly out of the receiver channel.

The gun is assembled in the reverse order (in cases of complete and incomplete disassembly).

Before shooting, use a cleaning rod and a soft cloth to clean the barrel bore from grease. After shooting, do not forget to clean the barrel bore from carbon deposits and treat it with lubricant. Do not use hard rags or other abrasive materials: they can damage the bore.

If you are using the gun for the first time, you need to read in detail the instructions for loading the carbine and adjusting the sighting mechanism. It must be set to the distance at which shooting will be carried out, taking into account the lethal force of the rifle.

Conclusion

The Toz-8 small-caliber rifle is considered a practical weapon. It is great for beginners as it has a simple design. Anyone can quickly get used to it and carry out repairs and maintenance on their own. Toz-8 is durable; the manufacturer claims a high service life, which the carbine has repeatedly confirmed in practice.

If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them

Over the entire period, not such a large number of Tula guns were produced, and it is worth noting the fact that among them there are several models that are definitely worthy of attention from hunters, since it was in their production that the manufacturers honed their skills, using at that time a variety of improvements in the field of weapons creation. One of these models is the TOZ-BM 12 gauge, which was created for all shooting enthusiasts and has become incredibly widespread among hunters. It’s worth mentioning right away that this gun was originally a model for commercial and amateur hunting.

What kind of gun is this?

TOZ-BM 12 caliber is the TOZ-B model modified in the 57th year of the last century. The new model was distinguished by much higher characteristics regarding reliability and durability, while initially it was produced exclusively in 16 and 20 calibers. The bores of the barrels are distinguished by their typical choke-type bores.

Like the original gun, TOZ-BM 12 gauge is equipped with padlocks. The gun barrels are equipped with a triple locking system, where the lower one was closed using a Perdet frame and two additional under-barrel hooks, while a Griner bolt was used to lock the upper one. Immediately after the shot, the 12-caliber TOZ-BM trigger is fully automatically set to the safety position.

Visual features

The stock was made of birch, walnut or beech, and it is worth noting the fact that the walnut stock is a characteristic feature for exclusive models. The type of butt neck was pistol, semi-pistol, or could be flat.

Like the original model, the barrel length ranges from 700 to 725 mm, while the 16-gauge model provides the possibility of increasing the barrel to 750 mm. The bores of such weapons do not have any chrome coating, as a result of which it is necessary to constantly ensure that they do not rust. You can often find models that have chrome-plated channels, but this is quite a rare occurrence and only affects units produced after the 60s. The traditional sighting bar is easy to use in the same way as a brass front sight, as a result of which you can comfortably even shoot offhand. The sighting bar is distinguished by a specialized anti-reflective knurling, made in the form of a transverse notch, which allows you to aim as calmly as possible even in fairly bright sunlight.

Advantages



The advantage of the TOZ-BM is that the gun can be disassembled as simply as possible, and therefore is extremely convenient during cleaning and transportation. Among other things, this model is also distinguished by its simplicity and ease of maintenance.

The stock, of course, is far from ideal in appearance in ordinary samples, but at the same time, it is almost impossible for users to find any serious complaints about this. On the back of the buttstock there is a specialized blued or plastic butt plate, due to which, even with a fairly large weight, the TOZ-BM has a relatively comfortable recoil, and the only thing you should not forget about is that the weapon requires a competent insert and fire you need to first take the correct stance. Among other things, this is also due to the unique shape of the butt plate.

Flaws

If we talk about the shortcomings of the TOZ-BM 12 caliber (photo above), we can note that such guns are not always equipped with really high-quality finishing and firing. You can often find models of this gun that are distinguished by rather poor filing and fitting, and in addition they also have a disgusting action. Thus, the use of a Griner bolt in direct locking necessarily requires a truly high-quality and highly qualified assembly, and otherwise the weapon simply will not be able to really accurately perform the tasks assigned to it.

It is for this reason that the fit of the upper mechanism is often far from the most satisfactory, and this often spoils the TOZ-BM (12 gauge). Piece production somewhat solved the problem, since exclusive models are practically free of any production defects. It is also worth noting the fact that many models are distinguished by far from the best debugging and processing of various parts, often causing well-deserved criticism from the majority of hunters.

How does this affect hunting?



Special attention should be paid to the fact that in ordinary versions such guns are often distinguished by inappropriate wood stock and metal inserts. Do not forget that too many of this type can even be dangerous for a hunter, since the safety cocking in them is almost completely worn out. In the same way, non-chromed barrels are not reliable.

Quite often in such guns there is a “baptism”, which involves the right barrel malfunctioning to the left, while the left one, on the contrary, malfunctions to the right. Of course, this again applies exclusively to ordinary models, but since the cost of these particular specimens was as affordable as possible for most people, they fully met the minimum requirements of the vast majority of hunters of the 60s and 70s. In the taiga, as well as other remote territories of the former USSR, despite the huge circulation, the 12-caliber TOZ-BM (trigger), in principle, was in short supply, and despite all the advantages and disadvantages, it constantly retained the status of a desirable weapon.

Who uses it and where?

Like the standard model, this one was used by almost everyone who had to deal with hunting in professional and everyday life. The popularity of this gun is determined by the fact that it is distinguished by an extremely well-thought-out and time-tested design, and, more importantly, by its maintainability, since all parts were widely distributed and, accordingly, available to every hunter. Among other things, many people also appreciated the high degree of durability and reliability of this gun.

For many hunters, an important role was played by the complete absence of a safety lock, as well as the presence of external hammers, thanks to which the weapon could be brought into battle in the shortest possible time, since simply cocking the hammers was quite enough. Also, due to this, the gun could be transported extremely easily with cartridges in the chambers with the hammer pulled, and there was no need to make any unnecessary movements to fire a shot.

What to choose?



In any case, to this day one of the most common shotguns among modern hunters is the 12-gauge TOZ-BM. Reviews from owners confirm the main advantages and disadvantages described above, and therefore among professionals it is considered an extremely successful weapon considering its current cost. As mentioned above, piece variants always deserve special attention, since they are qualitatively different from ordinary ones, starting with external decoration and manufacturing of parts and ending with combat. Among other things, you can also find several guns of this model in souvenir versions.

How to determine the quality of a fight?

Since this weapon itself is quite respectable in age, when purchasing it, everyone asks a completely logical question: “How to determine that a gun is really of high quality and is in good condition?” In fact, there are certain standards that allow you to determine how ready a gun is for combat and whether it has retained its original characteristics.

In accordance with the technical conditions, at least 55% of the pellets must hit the target from the left barrel, while only 45% from the right barrel. No more than 3 shots need to be fired from each individual barrel, and if at least one of them provides the above characteristics, then the barrel fire can be called satisfactory.

How to disassemble?



The TOZ-BM shotgun must be assembled and disassembled exclusively in a certain sequence and in full compliance with safety rules. It is also recommended not to use any excessive force or shock in this process. Before starting work, the TOZ-BM 12-gauge shotgun must be completely unloaded.

The very procedure for disassembling this weapon is as follows:

1. The forend is separated from the barrels.
2. The gun is grasped by the neck of the stock with the right hand, while the locking lever is pulled to the maximum possible right position with the thumb. After this, the trunks smoothly turn down and are separated from the box.
3. The screw of the impact mechanisms is turned out.
4. The screw is driven from the right side into the base of the right striker and will then be used to carefully separate the right striker.
5. Through the hole located in the sear box, the left percussion mechanism is pushed out extremely carefully with a wooden rod.

What to consider?

Assembling the impact mechanisms is carried out in the reverse order. It is worth noting the fact that it is worth separating the impact mechanisms only in the process of replacing summer or winter lubricants. It is recommended that complete assembly of the gun be carried out only in cases of extreme necessity, and all work should be carried out exclusively in a properly equipped weapons workshop. The blades of screwdrivers that are used in the process of assembling and disassembling TOZ-BM (12 gauge) must be correctly threaded and also fully correspond to the screw slots.

How to handle this weapon?



The gun should always be considered loaded and ready to fire, and should never be pointed at people, pets, or simply standing with the gun resting on it. The gun must only be stored unloaded and with the triggers pulled, while the ammunition is stored in a box under a secure lock.

The service life, as well as the trouble-free operation of the 12-caliber TOZ-BM directly depend on how skillfully the owner handles this weapon, as well as how high-quality the ammunition is used.

Inept or careless handling of such a gun, as well as too frequent complete assembly and disassembly, will ultimately lead to a significant reduction in the overall service life of the TOZ-BM. Feedback from owners suggests that the quality of ammunition must also be monitored, not to mention the caliber of your model.

Cleaning Features



Cleaning of weapons should be carried out only before traces of powder soot have been completely removed from the surface of the channels. After the cleaning is completed, using an alkaline composition, carefully wipe the stem channels dry and re-lubricate them (you can lubricate them with Vaseline or special oil). The wood of the stock can be wiped with a standard dry rag.

A day after shooting and initial cleaning, the barrel channels should be wiped with a clean, dry cloth, and if you find any traces of rust or carbon deposits, cleaning will need to be repeated as soon as possible. If, after regular cleaning, carbon deposits also remain, it must be softened by thoroughly rinsing the channels with boiling water. After washing, the weapon is re-cleaned in accordance with all requirements and recommendations.

During shooting, lead can be deposited in the bore. In order to remove such lead, you need to use a brush made of steel or copper wire, which is lubricated with a special one and then used to wipe the bore. If necessary, you can use a brush made of stiff bristles.