Freestyle(English) freestyle skiing) is an Olympic skiing sport that includes ski acrobatics, moguls, ski cross, halfpipe and slopestyle. Previously, ski ballet also belonged to freestyle, but was excluded from official competitions in 1999.
History of the emergence and development of freestyle
Freestyle is considered a very young sport, its history began with ski ballet in the 1950s. It was a mountain skiing show, which was intended to entertain the vacationing public, and at the same time generate income.
Freestyle originated as a mixture of alpine skiing and acrobatics. In 1966, the first school for training ski ballet specialists was founded in Colorado, and in the same year the first freestyle competitions were held. The Freestyle World Cup was first played in 1978, and the first World Championship was held in 1986 in Tignes (France).
In 1988, freestyle was first introduced at the Winter Olympics, but only as an exhibition event. Ski acrobatics was officially included in the program of the Olympic Games in Lillehammer in 1994, ski cross made its debut at the Olympic Games in Vancouver in 2010, and halfpipe and slopestyle in Sochi in 2014.
Ski acrobatics
Ski acrobatics (English: aerial skiing) is a freestyle skiing discipline in which athletes perform the most difficult acrobatic jumps from a special springboard.
The ski acrobatics slope consists of an acceleration hill, a freestyle platform with several jumps of different sizes, and a steep landing slope.
The jumps of the participants are evaluated according to the following system:
- Flight contributes approximately 20% to the overall score.
- The shape is approximately 50%.
- Landing rate is 30%.
Mogul
Mogul is a freestyle skiing discipline that involves downhill skiing on a bumpy slope, as well as performing jumps on springboards. There are usually two jumps on the track.
The performance is assessed according to the following criteria: technique of turns, complexity of jumps and quality of their execution, as well as time of descent.
Ski cross
Ski cross (ski cross) is a freestyle skiing discipline, which is a ski race on a specially prepared track. While passing the distance, athletes must cope with various obstacles in the form of various jumps and steep turns.
Ski cross competitions are divided into two stages: qualifications and finals. At the first stage, athletes complete the course one by one and against time. 4 athletes take part in the final races. The winner in cross-country skiing is the one who comes to the finish line first.
Slopestyle
Slopestyle is a discipline of freestyle skiing, which consists of athletes performing a series of acrobatic jumps on springboards, pyramids, counter slopes, drops, railings, etc. Obstacles are located sequentially along the entire route.
Ski halfpipe
Halfpipe skiing is a freestyle skiing discipline that involves skiing down a special slope (halfpipe) and performing a series of tricks. The judges evaluate the complexity of the tricks, the height and purity of their execution.
Ski acrobatics - discipline of the winter sport "freestyle", which is represented in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. Ski acrobatics involves athletes performing the most difficult acrobatic jumps on skis from a specially profiled springboard, which is built on the slopes of ski resorts or in urban environments.
FIS World Cup, FIS World Championships, Olympic Games- the main sports tournaments of the international level, within the framework of which ski competitions in the discipline of acrobatics are held among adult athletes in this winter sport.
FIS World Cup events ( eng. FIS- International Ski Federation) in freestyle skiing in the discipline of ski acrobatics, along with other winter sports, are held mainly in the winter season on the slopes of ski resorts Canada, USA, China, Austria, Belarus, Russia, Ukraine.
IN Moscow Stages of the World Cup in ski acrobatics were held 4 times in urban conditions (pictured). The main organizers of the competition are: the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, Moskomsport, the Russian Olympic Committee, the Russian Ski Sports Association and other organizations that are responsible for holding competitions in winter sports, in particular skiing.
In the sports program the world's leading ski acrobats: double and triple somersaults with rotations around its axis.
Basic names of jump elements:
- somersault - lay (tucked somersault - so straight somersault (blange) - LEY))
- somersault with rotation - full
- somersault with double rotation - double full
- bending somersault - “ration”
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Example jump name:
In the arsenal of one of the most titled athletes of the Russian national team, Assol Slivets, is the “full-full-full” jump, i.e. triple somersault with three rotations.
It is worth noting that ski poles are not used in this winter sport, and the acceleration speed of athletes before a jump is 60 km/h or more!
Russian national ski acrobatics team in the 2015/16 season
The main composition of the Russian national team today includes the following athletes:
Ilya Burov, Pyotr Medulich, Pavel Krotov, Stanislav Nikitin, Vasily Polenov, Tatyana Babich, Alina Gridneva, Veronika Korsunova
The senior coach of the Russian national team is Dmitry Efimovich Kavunov, whose personal portfolio includes work with Olympic champion Lina Cheryazova.
History of ski acrobatics
The Olympic debut of Russian freestyle took place at the Winter Olympic Games in Calgary (1988). Demonstration performances in ski acrobatics were demonstrated by Vasilisa Semenchuk and Andrey Lisitsky.
Vasilisa Semenchuk became the world champion in acrobatic jumping in 1991.
The discipline of ski acrobatics was first included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games in 1994 in Lillehamer (Norway). The first Olympic Champions were: Swiss Sonja Schonbachler and Lina Cheryazova, representative of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Vladimir Lebedev brought a bronze medal to Russia at the Winter Olympics in Turin in 2004.
Acrobatics can rightfully be called one of the most spectacular disciplines in Olympic skiing.
Information about ski acrobatics, a discipline of the winter sport "freestyle"
For best performance, athletes must carefully calculate their speed based on snow conditions and wind conditions. When performing triple somersaults, athletes push off at a speed of about 70 km/h. Slope radar allows competitors to measure their speed during test runs or speed checks during acceleration.
A countdown timer is used to notify the athlete that he can start. From the start, the athlete has fifteen (15) seconds to leave the start. Wind measurement systems are used to determine the moment of launch permission.
Freestyle skiing is one of the winter sports represented in the Olympic Games program, along with cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, biathlon, ski jumping, alpine skiing, and snowboarding.
Articles:
Alphabetical index of terms:
Back (eng.: Back): the direction of rotation of the skier's jump is backward.
Back tuck: a single somersault in a back tuck.
Back layout (eng.: Back layout): single straight back somersault.
Back full (eng.: Back Full): back somersault with a full twist (pirouette) back.
IN
Height and distance: components of the jump score. A term used to describe the flight of an athlete.
D
Double (eng.: Double): double rotation (also "double" is used to refer to a double springboard).
Double full (eng.: Double full): single straight somersault with two twists.
Double full, full, full (eng.: Double full, full, full): three somersaults with four twists. Two twists in the first somersault.
Double layout or Lay-lay (eng.: Double layout or Lay-lay): two straight somersaults.
TO
Kicker (eng.: Kicker): springboard.
Quadruple or quad (eng.: Quadruple or Quad): four rotations.
* everywhere twists change to pirouettes
The name of the jump describes each flip sequentially,
Layout or lay (eng.: Layout or Lay): single straight somersault.
Lay, full (eng.: Lay, full): double straight somersault with a pirouette in the second somersault.
Lay, full, full (eng.: Lay, full, full): triple somersault with two twists. Twists are performed in the second and third somersaults.
Lay, full, tuck (eng.: Lay, full, tuck): triple somersault: the first somersault in the layout position, the second somersault with a twist, the third somersault in the tuck position.
Lay, lay, full (eng.: Lay, lay, full): triple somersault: the first two somersaults are in the layout position, the third is in the layout position with a twist.
Lay, tuck (eng.: Lay, tuck): double somersault: the first somersault in the layout position, the second in the tuck position.
Lay, tuck, full (eng.: Lay, tuck, full): triple somersault: the first somersault in the layout position, the second in the tuck position, the third in the layout position with a twist.
Lay, tuck, tuck (eng.: Lay, tuck, tuck): triple somersault: the first one is in the layout position, the other two are in the tuck position.
Push (eng.: Takeoff): the athlete’s body must be straight at the moment of departure from the springboard.
Pike (eng.: Pike): the body bends at the waist, the legs remain straight. "V" position or "jackknife" position.
Bend (eng.: Knoll): the line separating the table and the landing.
R
Acceleration (eng.: Inrun): a prepared part of the slope on which the skier gains speed before taking off from the springboard.
R1: radius 1, transit zone between acceleration and table.
R2: radius 2, transit zone between table and landing.
Randy: somersault with 2 ½ twists.
Rudy (eng.: Rudy): somersault with 1½ twists.
Front flip
Back flip
Single (eng.: Single): single springboard (single)
Sling (eng.: Sling): an incorrect lift off the springboard, causing a very fast spin. Slings typically occur when an athlete moves their arms and shoulders back too quickly. Occurs when the athlete's body is in a position below the optimal degree for leaving the springboard.
Table (eng.: Table): a flat area on which springboards are installed.
T
So (eng.: Tuck): the athlete’s hips are pressed to the chest (gurping)
Twist (eng.: Twist): revolution (rotation of the body around a vertical axis by 360 degrees).
Triple (eng.: Triple): triple rotation or triple springboard.
F
Front tuck: single forward somersault in a tuck position.
Full (eng.: Full): somersault with pirouette.
Full-in (eng.: Full in): pirouette in the first somersault.
Full out (eng.: Full out): pirouette in the last somersault.
Half (eng.: Half): a somersault with a half twist (180º), performed in a layout or pack position.
Half-in (eng.: Half In): half a twist in the first somersault of a double or triple somersault.
Half-out (eng.: Half Out): half a twist in the last somersault of a double or triple somersault.
Freestyle skiing is a type of skiing that has its own substyles, such as ski acrobatics, ski cross, moguls, and new school skiing. Until 1999, there was a type of skiing called ski ballet. He was then dropped from the program. The ancestor of freestyle skiing is ski acrobatics.
It is quite difficult to name the exact date of the birth of this sport. This is approximately the 1970s, since the first competitions in this sport took place in 1971. Then freestyle moved into the category of a sports show. And in the 1980s, this sport already had official status. In 1986, the first freestyle world championship was held. And in 1988 it was included in the program of the Olympic Games.
So, about freestyle skiing styles
The first style is ski acrobatics. In this style, athletes perform a series of two jumps of varying difficulty from a specially profiled springboard. There are three types of jumps here: large (triple) (height 4.05 m, slope 70°); medium (double) (3.5 m, 65°); small (salt) (2.1 m, 55°). The landing mountain is covered with loose snow for a soft landing. Points are awarded for take-off technique, flight path, figure and landing technique. Usually there are 7 people in the judging panel, five of them evaluate the figure (out of 7 points), two judges evaluate the landing. In this case, the highest and lowest scores are discarded, and the remaining three scores are summed up. The winner is determined by the highest number of points. The current record was set by Jeret Peterson (USA) on January 11, 2007. His record is 268.7 points.
Mogul- this is a descent along a hilly, hummocky slope. Maneuvering between the hillocks, the athlete constantly works with his legs, turning his skis in one direction or the other. In this style, the downhill course contains two jumps on which the skier demonstrates jumps. The performance is also assessed according to the following criteria: the technique of turns, the complexity of the jumps and the quality of their execution, and, of course, the speed of descent.
WITHki cross is a kind of race on a special ski slope, which includes snow obstacles and barriers in the form of springboards, waves, and turns. Such competitions take place in two stages: at the first stage, athletes complete the course against the clock one at a time, at the second stage they are divided into groups of 4 people. The one who reaches the finish line first wins.
Slopestyle- performing a series of acrobatic jumps on springboards, pyramids, counter slopes, railings located sequentially along the entire length of the route. The discipline was included in the program of the 2014 Olympics by decision of the IOC Executive Committee at a meeting in Durban (South Africa) on June 4, 2011.
Today, another discipline has been added, which is called halfpipe is a competition in which competitors start individually from the edge of a half-pipe. What is a halfpipe? A halfpipe is a semicircular ditch or specially constructed ramp that is usually built on a 6.7 m deep slope. In this discipline, competitors perform tricks in the air over the edges of the pipe. The discipline is assessed in the following way, based on criteria such as: amplitude, complexity, variability. Using the speed gained on the slope, skiers fly over the edge of the pipe and perform a trick in the air. The goal of these competitions is to perform the most difficult tricks with perfect form.
Freestyle equipment
Freestyle skiing is not a cheap pleasure. For freestyle skiing you will need: various types of skis - “twin-type”. These are skis with two curved ends. This feature of the skis allows you to land and ride backwards. Since freestyle is a dangerous sport, you will need a protective helmet, knee pads, elbow pads, wrist protection, as well as protection for the back, shoulder blades, shoulders, and collarbones. In addition, you will need safety glasses, a special jacket or windbreaker, pants and gloves.
Freestyle skiing is a sport for brave people, for those who know how to take risks and who have adrenaline in their blood. But remember, you need to train wisely, because the risk of injury in such a sport is very high.
(English) Freestyle skiing) is a type of skiing. The freestyle includes: ski acrobatics, skicross and moguls. Ski ballet, one of the freestyle disciplines that existed until 1999, was excluded from the programs of official competitions. The ballet consisted of a descent down a gentle slope to musical accompaniment with demonstration of elements of sliding, steps, rotations, and jumps.
In ski acrobatics, athletes perform a series of jumps and somersaults of varying difficulty from a specially profiled springboard. There are 3 types of springboards: large (height 3.5 m, slope 65°); medium (3.2 m, 63°); small (2.1 m, 55°). The landing mountain should be covered with loose snow. Points are awarded for take-off technique, height and length of flight, shape of elements and landing.
Mogul- this is a descent along a hilly, hummocky slope. Maneuvering between the hillocks, the athlete constantly turns his legs with skis in one direction or the other. The descent route contains two jumps on which the skier demonstrates jumps. The performance is assessed according to the following criteria: technique of turns, complexity of jumps and quality of their execution, as well as time of descent.
Ski cross– a race on a special ski slope, which includes snow obstacles in the form of various jumps, waves, and turns. Ski cross competitions are held in two stages. At the first stage, in qualifying, athletes go through the track against the clock one at a time. Based on the qualification results, athletes are divided into groups of four to participate in the finals. The final races are held according to the Olympic scheme, with elimination, the winner is the one who comes to the finish line first.
In the mid-20th century, in some countries of Central Europe, skiers began to get involved in competition not only in the speed of descent on the slopes, but also in the beauty of the movements, turns and other technical elements performed during this process, as well as rather complex acrobatic exercises.
The passion for freestyle skiing, which originated in Europe and the USA, has quickly spread throughout the skiing world. Amateur local competitions began everywhere, and when their rank increased to the level of national championships and international tournaments, the need for unified rules arose.
In 1966 freestyle first seriously declared itself as a sport when major freestyle competitions were held in the United States in the city of Attitash, New Hampshire. Subsequently, freestyle competitions began to be held more and more often with the participation of athletes from Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Austria, the USA, Canada, France and other countries in Europe and America.
Freestyle has been included in the Winter Olympics since 1992.(men and women) - moguls only, ski acrobatics included since 1994.
Since 1975, annual competitions have been held Freestyle World Cup.
In 1979, the International Ski Federation (FIS) created a technical committee for freestyle skiing - and this sport is included in the program of international competitions held under the auspices of the FIS. The Freestyle Technical Committee has developed unified competition regulations.
In February 1986, the first world championship in this sport took place in France.
At the XV Winter Olympics in Calgary in 1988, unique performances in all types of freestyle were demonstrated during demonstration performances.
To our country freestyle came in the 1970s, and as an independent sport took shape after 1985. In 1988, the independent USSR Freestyle Federation was created. In the same year, for the first time in the USSR, in Dombay, international freestyle competitions, included in the official FIS calendar, were held. The winner of three stages of the World Cup was Liza Kozhevnikova, and the first among Russian freestyle skiers to become world champions on the slopes of the American resort of Wayne were Sergei Shchupletsov in all-around and Vasilisa Semenchuk in ski acrobatics.
The Olympic debut of Russian freestyle took place at the Winter Olympic Games in Calgary (1988). Demonstration performances in acrobatics were demonstrated by Vasilisa Semenchuk and Andrey Lisitsky.
World champions in ski ballet were Elena Batalova in 1995, Oksana Kushchenko in 1997, Natalya Razumovskaya in 1999, in acrobatic jumps - Vasilisa Semenchuk in 1991.
Ski acrobatics is included in the freestyle program - this ski sport is included in the Winter Olympics. Freestyle includes mogul, halfpipe, ski cross, slopestyle, new school (combines various types, similar to parkour, only on skis). as well as ski ballet (excluded from the Olympics), but the most spectacular type of this winter discipline is ski acrobatics. This sport takes a lot from ordinary acrobatics - complex tricks associated with extreme flips, a sense of height, and, unfortunately, the possibility of serious injury.
Story
Freestyle originates from ski ballet, which was a show similar to a circus. In 1926, German skiing and mountaineering specialist Dr. Fritz Ruel published a book on ski ballet.
In the 50s of the twentieth century, freestyle took shape as a sports discipline, representing the interweaving of alpine skiing and acrobatic sports. The first competition was held in New Hampshire, USA, in 1966. World Cups have been held since 1978, the first world championship was held in 1986 in France.
In the 70s of the twentieth century, freestyle skiing became popular in the USSR; in 1985, freestyle skiing received a department in the Sports Committee of the Soviet Union. The first USSR championship took place in 1986 in Podmoskovnye Gorki. In 1988, the Freestyle Federation of the Soviet Union was formed.
It became an Olympic sport after freestyle was presented in the demonstration program at the Olympic Games in Calgary; at the next Olympics in the city of Albertville, freestyle received a place in the winter sports of the Olympics. As an Olympic winter sport, freestyle continues to develop - in 1994, ski acrobatics was added at the Olympics in Lillehammer, cross-country skiing was added in Vancouver, Canada in 2010, and in 2014, athletes competed in the slowstyle and halfpipe program in Sochi.
Freestyle in Ukraine
In Ukraine, freestyle began to develop in the 80s, the first competitions were held in Kyiv, Nikolaev and Tisovets in the Carpathians. The first Ukrainian championship was held in 1987. At the championships of the Soviet Union from 1987 to 1992, medals were won by Sergey But, Yuriy Kovirzanov, Tetyana Martynova, Inna Palienka.
In 1990, at the VII USSR Spartakiad, the Ukrainian team took first place in the team competition, the main leader among the athletes was Sergei But. Also, Ukrainian acrobats have repeatedly won international competitions. At the European Cup stage, first place in 2000 was taken by Stanislav Kravchuk and Enver Ablaev.
Freestyle variety
Freestyle consists of:
Acrobatic sport
Ski acrobatics is an Olympic discipline in which, after taking off from a springboard, tricks of the highest complexity are performed. The World Cup, the World Championship and the Olympic Games are held.
Classes take place in specially equipped acrobatic stadiums with springboards of different lengths. The large springboard is 4 meters long with a slope of 70 degrees, the medium one is 3.5 meters with a slope of 65 degrees, and the small one is 2 meters with a slope of 55 degrees. Springboards are built both at winter resorts and within large cities.
Jumps turn into spins, somersaults, flips, revolutions and others. Athletes accelerate up to 70 kilometers per hour on takeoff from a springboard; after takeoff, they mainly perform somersaults, and this is exactly the speed needed to perform a triple somersault. The most difficult element is considered to be the simultaneous performance of four somersaults and four pirouettes, which was performed by Erik Bergurst in 2000. Due to the heavy load on the legs, the landing site should be covered with loose snow.
The flight is scored first - 1/5 of the total score, stunts - half, and landing - a third of the score.
Ski acrobatics has its own terminology:
- The somersault is called a lei, it is a straight somersault performed in a group.
- If the somersault is accompanied by double rotations, the exercise is called a full.
- Double spin - double full.
- Bent over somersault - ration.
Safety
When practicing freestyle and especially ski acrobatics, you should adhere to safety measures. You need to study with an instructor, the trainer must monitor safety. You need to exercise in a helmet and special protective shields on your arms and legs to soften falls. You also need to carefully select your skis and ski poles, and be sure to put a helmet on your head.
Due to the fact that this is a difficult sport, it is not recommended for children, but they can be taught without using overhead flips. It is also desirable that children have good physical fitness; gymnasts and acrobats are primarily welcome.
Most injuries occur due to inexperience and carelessness; among the injured - about 40 percent of beginner athletes, and ten times less among masters of sports. This is a very traumatic sport, injuries are common and can be serious, so you need to think carefully about whether freestyle is worth doing at all.
If a skier falls, you need to remove skis and poles from him, signal to other skiers with crossed skis and skis that should be stuck in the snow. If transportation is not possible, you need to warm the fallen person by insulating the body with branches or warm clothes that will create some thermal insulation of the back from the ground.
Diseases possible when performing tricks on skis:
- Stretching.
- Dislocation.
- Fracture of a leg or arm.
- Fractured ribs.
- Spinal fracture.
- Soft tissue bruise.
- Abdominal bruise.
- Unconscious state.
- Hypothermia.
- Frostbite.
- Burn of the retina (from bright snow or intense ultraviolet radiation in the mountains).
- Loss of visual sharpness, deterioration in color perception.